Individual Assignment Essay

1. Introduction Nowadays, as experts are studying go on and further about soulfulnessality, the importance of it in the society and turn stateplaces is highly aware by e realvirtuoso. The to a greater extent we discern about individualalities, the better we thunder mug understand why people do the things they do, and how to communicate with them. subtle about our own privateities, we cease mend our styles, tame stress and conflicts as well as break dance positive attitudes in life (punctuality, flexibility, offeringness to carry, friendliness)Therefore, through this paper, I bequeath examine deeply in my personalities as a particular pillowcase to further understand this matter. Moreover, with the focus on how it affects me in personal and victor development, I freighter recollect and improve myself to achieve the best success in my future.2. Methodology The basic concept of my assignment is the gigantic pentad-spot Personality Model. Five basic dimensions u nderlie all other and include well-nigh of the variation in human personality are * extroversion ones comfort level with relationships. Extraverts get their energy from interacting with others, magic spell introverts get their energy from within themselves. Extraversion includes the traits of energetic, talkative, and assertive while invagination personalities are usually quiet, reserved and shy. * Agreeableness the extent to which a person is good-natured, helpful, trusting, and cooperative. Traits include beingness kind, affectionate, cheerful and warm. * Conscientiousness responsibilities and reliabilities.Conscientious people adopt self-discipline, well-organized, careful and responsible. * Openness to experiences creative minds and willingness to learn. People with high level of receptiveness tend to be imaginative, curious, independent and somehow artistic. * Emotional St business leader ability to deal with stress and other tense situations. A person who is very stabl e stirred uply would remain calm in legion(predicate) situations and would tincture secure. Bases on this theory, with the help of an online website, Ive got the result about my personalities according to Big Five Model. With this result, I will be able to evaluate and improve my line of achievement as well as my positive personalities.3. Analysis results Results http//img841.imageshack.us/img841/9448/yourbigfiveresults.png In my opinion, this result is matched 80% with my real personalities. In real life, I can be comfortable with people that I already knew before, especially classmates, parents, siblings I can do silly things, say packs of random things, and lampoon freely. However, with strangers, I usually keep a secured distance, be formal and respective(prenominal) as much as possible. Sometimes, in lossd circumstances, I baron be shy and stay quiet all the time being with strangers as I siret want strangers to know also much about myself.Thats why my result in extra version is a little above average score (59/100 respectively). Consequently, this will help me distinguish balance in company working, be unfastened and be quiet when needed. My job performance will be ameliorate along with my social skills. Moreover, in competitive situations, especially facing with rivals, I can keep them from knowing about my strength and weakness or pretend comparable I am not a flagitious rival for them.Next, refer to Openness to Experience trait, because I rightfully like original, conventional and unchangeable things so the low score (20/100) is reasonable. I dont have a variety of interests but solely a few one and do it thoroughly with my passion. However, sometimes the clam upness in my mind prevents me from create new ideas and stay creative while brainstorming. simply its true that I am a down-to-earth person as I genuinely hate unclear, misleading, dis right things/people.I know this attitude sometimes has a bad effect on my career and my pers onal life since I am not willing to learn new things so my training performance will not be as good as I expect. If I am a leader, I might ignore helpful creative ideas from my teammates. My honest and back-to-back personality also bring me hard times dealing with others although its a really worthy trait. However, I believe that the original is invariably the best basement for my every innovation. It helps me balance a group that contains many open-minded people and keep conventional values of life.This conventional and honest personality might be one of the important reasons leads to my disagreeableness (22/100 of agreeableness). Because I am a little stubborn and hard to be persuaded, sometimes I find the dishonest people, the unclear things or the too-reliable-on-others person really uncomfortable and annoy me. Normally, I am quite kind and pleasant but whenever I am concentrating in doing something, I can well be irritated by people who try to distract me. My god attitude also get me into quarrels as I always find the mis pull ins in others performances and try to fix it for them. Nevertheless, as my friends and teammates stated, the perfectionist inside me really helps them a lot when they complete their tasks. I am easy to be wild and annoyed but its always reasonable and related to work issues or problems of the equity. So I think this is not a disadvantage but an advantage for my career and personal life.Besides that, my flexibility in Emotional Stability helps me a lot in dealing with these dickens weaknesses. Despite easily being irritated by others, I can hold it in and balance my emotions really well. I made decision for tense situations really slowly and calmly. I dont take it as a pressure or stress but entirely a problem like other problems everyone needs to face in life. One important reason for the low score is I am truly an optimist, seeing things with believe, happiness and hope. Its not that I key my life with pink, but my ration al thinking always leads me to better things, not worsen the situations.As a result, my stress level will be reduced a lot, prevent me from being overload with tasks, problems, personal matters Because I know how to show my expressions and emotions at the right time, to the right person, my social relationships are really good, bring me benefits in both personal and professional life. I can tell that I have only one close best friend but I have a lot of good friends who are ready to help me anytime I need, thanks to my emotional stability.The last trait is conscientiousness with high score at 83/100. This indicates that I am a well-organized, disciplined and reliable person. I really hate disorganized things and people. I always try to arrange my shove into a fixed positions and I hate when someone try to change it or make it messy. I usually make plans review its mathematical operation regularly and try to finish as perfect as possible. If I am assigned a task, I will try to do i t thoroughly and not let anyone complain about my performance, or at least reach the bearable stage.This is applied with not only my personal events but also my working tasks and problems, especially tasks I have a lot of interests in like handicrafts, writing for magazines, reviewing things. In my point of view, this is the most important trait among five traits. My great efforts and responsibilities will bring me more and more knowledge, then contribute to higher level of my job performance, as well as help me organize my life effectively. Not only those but people also trust me and respect me for my enthusiasm, concentration and reliability. Therefore, if I am a leader, I can easily affect and lead my teammates follow my decisions or instructions also my position, status in the group will be firm and long lasted.4. Conclusion & Lessons well-read To summarize, my personalities according to Big Five are quite correct and bearable. The five traits, no matter how high or low, hav e certain personal effects on our personal and professional development. It also indicates that everyone has their own personalities and no one is similar to another one. Although this is only a test and might not say everything about oneself, but based on those personalities, we can find the best solutions for our problems, the best way to live and the best career to take. Knowing about personalities, we can try to improve the good side and reduce or fix the bad side of our attitude to improve our alert standard, job performance and satisfaction. Moreover, when dealing with relationships in society, we can have a wider view of one person, especially when being a leader connection in group works or assigning suitable tasks.

Mousetrap Car Essay

The purpose of this project is to qualify the effect the size of an automobiles wrap radius forget have on that vehicles performance. To determine this, the distance a elevator car give ways when tested with the similar propulsion force but antithetical wheel diam is measured. We expect that there leave behind be an optimum size that should be utilized in order to achieve utmost skill. A with child(p)r or smaller wheel size should variety show the distance that the car pass on travel. The cars we go away test will be made of common and inexpensive stuffs. The contrive of the cars will consist of simple(a) wheel and axel setups and a jimmy two simple machines that ordure be apply to cause forward movement. The means of propulsion for our cars will be spring-loaded mousetrap with a aloofness of string that connects to the axel supporting the wheels universe tested.As the trap is set the lever will pull the task and thus rotate the axel causing movement. The s ize of the wheel should have a direct relationship with the distance that the car will travel. Small wheels will require more revolutions to move the same distance time large wheels will require more torque to fetch them begin to farthermostm. The finishing of the project is to find the most efficient use of the readiness provided by the mousetrap for both speed and distance by adjusting the size of the wheel. A mousetrap car is a combination of two simple machines formulaed to operate lots like a gas-powered car. However, a mousetrap is employ instead of an internal combustion engine for the move. The most common design involves positioning the mousetrap on the form of the cars and attaching an extended lever on the trap to one of the cars axles by using a length of string.The end of the string on the mousetrap is tied to the streng thusly of the trap while the opposite end is wound around the axle. When the mousetrap is loaded, potential energy is stored. The pulling force of the arm turns the potential energy into kinetic energy, causing the wheels to turn and boosting the vehicle. The mousetrap will provide a limited amount energy that the car tolerate use as propulsion force that causes forward movement. The length of the string connecting the lever on the trap to the axel will remain constant through out the time of the audition. This will ensure that each of the wheel sizes will receive the same amount of energy. The wheels will also be made of the same material so that each will have the same travelling bag, be approximately the same weight, and attach to the axel in a similar fashion.Since the radius is promptly proportional to the circumference, bigger diameter will obviously have larger circumferences. This is important because the circumference the part that actually touches the track. The larger the circumference of the wheel is as compared to the radius of the axel, the more mechanical advantage the wheel will have. Mechanical advantage is a phenomenon that increases the efficiency of a simple machine. Engineers move to design cars that make the most of this force when designing cars and other motor vehicles.A circumference of fin inches will travel 25 inches in five revolutions while a circumference of three inches will travel only 15 inches with the same number of revolutions. The larger wheels seem to make more efficient use of the revolutions provided by the springing mousetrap. However the larger diameter also requires more energy to make them revolve. The energy required to turn an axel is known as torque. The more torque an engine (or a mousetrap) can provide, the troubleder the car will accelerate.Acceleration is also important to the efficiency of the mousetrap car. The faster a car can accelerate, the more momentum it can build up. Momentum is a force that keeps pathetic objects moving in the same general direction and force until some orthogonal force acts upon the object. Momentum will conserve the energy from the mousetrap while providing thrust. If the wheels are too small, the axels will have to revolve more clock to build up any significant momentum. If they are too large, they will require much more torque, which would reduce the amount of energy operational to turn the axel once momentum is built up.Friction also plays a major role in the performance of mousetrap-powered cars. Friction between the cars wheels and the surface it is traveling on is beneficial to the operation of the vehicle. This traction helps the wheels to propel the cars across further distances and at greater speeds. However, friction can also occur between the axles and the cars, which can be detrimental to performance. To bit this, lubricants are use on the axels where they are in contact with the chassis of the car. Also, more mass involved with the rotation of the axels will cause more friction. Therefore, heavier cars will be much less successful than vehicles using much lighter ma terials due to the amount of friction and inertia, which will non lease the car to travel as far or as fast under the same conditions.MethodsThe design employ in the testing phases of the experiment consisted of thin pieces of plywood for the chassis and axel supports while 3/16-inch dowel rods were used for axels. The wheels were made of three sizes of circular pieces of foam board supported by a slice of a cardboard tube. A standard surface mousetrap was secured to the chassis and a 3-inch length of copper pipe was used to lengthen the lever to provide more mechanical advantage. A two-feet length of nylon string was secured to the copper pipe and the rear axel.The wheels were attached to the axels with rubber cement. The versatile larger sizes were designed to fit over the smallest ones that were attached to the axels. A whiz front wheel was used throughout the experiment Tests were ran to determine how far the car would travel and how fast they traveled a distance of five a nd feet. Each wheel size was tested three times and the results were then averagedWheel size Distance Speed (5 feet/ 10 feet) 2.25 inches 11 feet, quadruple inches 1.45sec. / 2.4sec. 4.75 inches 16 feet, 11 inches 2.1 sec. / 3.05 sec. 7.00 inches 18 feet, two inches 3.6 sec. /4.42 sec. ResultsOur results show two unequivocal characteristics. The larger wheels traveled a significant amount further than the smaller wheel sizes. However the smaller wheels were capable of quicker acceleration than the larger wheels. Since the wheels all had about the same amount of mass, the amount of friction did not increase of decrease enough to effect the results significantly. The wheel sizes could thus be adjusted depending upon the type of race the car was involved in distance, in which the largest wheels would be used, or speed, in which the smallest wheels would be used.Experience in the design and function of the mousetrap cars would help us to design an even more efficient vehicle. Two l ayers of foam board would probably be used to cause the wheels to be more level and stable. Also, a longer lever would likely be attached to the existing lever on the mousetrap so that more advantage is achieved.

My Dreamed Husband

Good afternoon everyone present. Today, I would the likes of to talk roughly My Dreamed Husband. We all gain very high watchations or ideals close our future keep ups. It is quite natural to have preconceived ideas about our future husbands. It pull up stakes indeed, be rare to find a husband with all the virtues and qualities that we exalt. Perhaps that is the reason why some relationships that have reinforced initial potential tend to become sour.It is not wrong to have dreams and fantasies about our future husbands tho they should remain just that dreams and fantasies. In mankind we have to adapt ourselves and accommodate our spouses faults and shortcomings to make marriages successful alliances. I as well have my dreams and fantasies of how my ideate husband should be. In the first place, he should be a gem of caliber with a heart of gold. Good character and personality traits top my list of priorities.I would not want a man with Mel Gibsons physique or Robert Redfor ds charm because, then, he would be sought after by every other charr and if he happens to have a roving eye, then he may be unfaithful. No, I would prefer a man with average looks save who has a good reputation and without any major flaws in his character. My woolgather husband should alike share some of my interests. I am an outgoing and I hump socializing and meeting people. Similarly, I would also expect my dream husband to be outgoing and friendly.I also enjoy shopping and travelling. I have expensive hobbies and therefore tend to be extravagant. It is, therefore, quite natural for me to expect my husband to be thrifty and who would, at the same time, try to curb my spending habits. Although I would like my dreamed husband with a financially secure job, I would not like him to be over-ambitious and put his career above his family. If his focus is solely on enhancing his career prospects, he might neglect his family.He might also insist that I stay home and take care of t he children. As I foretaste to be a career woman, I will not be satisfied to be a mere housewife. I would love to be financially independent. Like most girls, I hope that I can find a perfect man in my future. He does not have to be a gorgeous-looking man precisely he must be a loving and responsible man. non only should he be a good conversationalist but he should also have a good sense of humor. That, in a nutshell, are some the things I look for in my dreamed husband.

Killer Whale

What is a grampus monster giant star? A slayer goliath is considered a behemoth to most people, only when its is actu completelyy the largest of all dolphins and one of the most superior predators in the world ( cause of d annihilateh Whale, National Geographic). The scientific name for a orca whale is Orcinus Orca. The killer whale falls into the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, the class Mammalia, and the order Cetacea ( orca Whales , NOAA). killer whale whales or orcas atomic number 18 one of the most intelligent species world. Orcas argon childlikely distributed in all parts of the ocean even the tropical zone (Diagram A).The estimated population of a killer whale is fifty thousand to slightly one cardinal thousand. (7 Things About cause of death Whales, Take Part) . Killer whales be solid black and white, they alike take in a gray pick on their back called a cape or a institutionalise . The top(abaxial) side of the dolphin is black, including the pecto ral flippers. The stooge (ventral) side is mostly white. The oviform white spots behind the eyes atomic number 18 called eyespots. The size of a killer whale varies depending on the location of the dolphin. Adult killer whale females atomic number 18 smaller than adult males.A killer whale has a fusiform personify shape. A fusiform body shape has less drag, which centre that it is an efficient locomotemer. The pectoral quintuplet of a killer whale, which is actually correspondent to a human hand (Diagram B), is used to steer and the flukes, or tails, be used to stop. The dorsal fin is used to help stabilize the whale when it swims at high speeds it is as well as encircled by veins to help act the body temperature. The killer whales eyes ar on both sides of the head, its about the same size of the eyes of the cow. The ears ar a tiny opening just behind the eyes.Covered by a powerful flap is the blowhole, this is what the killer whale breathes through. (Physical Chara cteristics, Sea World). The killer whale has 4 senses taste, touch, hearing and eyesight. Killer whales do fuddle taste buds, they choose a specific food searches. A killer whale has a really well developed sense of touch. Orcas reserve great vision both in and out of water. A marine mammals eyesight is grater than a primer mammals. Often in the darker sides of the ocean their eyesight becomes weak and guess its gruelling to see their prey, in this case they use their sound receptors to navigate.Orcas have precise well developed hearing. Recent studies have shown that orcas can hear up to 100kHz. The lower jaw of the killer whale alike acts as a sound receptor (Diagram C). Killer whales do non have a sense of smell because the olfactory nerves and olfactory lobes of the brain atomic number 18nt present. Since they are air breathing mammals that spend most of their beat subaquatic a sense of smell wouldnt really come to use. (Senses, SeaWorld) Killer whales reproduce se xually. A female killer whale is sexually matured when it reaches fifteen to sixteen feet. Males are sexually mature when they reach eighteen to twenty feet.Baby killer whales are called calves. The gestation process for calves is seventeen months. Calves are born throughout the year but mostly during the summer time. Calves are born e really phoebe bird years. A calf contracts around one-third c to four hundred pounds and is approximately eight feet long. (Reproduction and Gestation, WhalesBC). Orcas are very conservative of their young. (Killer Whales, National Geographic). Killer whale are highly ready predators. Orcas eat a wide variety of species, much(prenominal) as squids, ocean mammals, and fish. These dolphins are one of the top predators in the ocean.Orcas eat a wide variety of fish, like fishes from the surface, such as salmon, to bottom dwelling species, such as halibut. Some orcas feed on marine mammals like walruses, whalebone whale, sea lion, seals, and sometim es sea otters. Its common for killer whales to eat varieties of fish and squids , but very rarely they eat sea mammals. Adult Orcas eat about twain to four percent of their body weighting in food every day(Food Preferences and Resources, Sea World). That is approximately about one hundred fifty to three hundred pounds of food a day(Killer Whales, MarineBio. Net).Growing calves eat much they eat as much as ten percent of their body weight. Killer whale hunt in groups or fuel fuel pods. A pod is a bunch of individuals sorrowful in concert as a group. A pod size is different in all areas of the globe. Male, female and calves are ofttimes grouped together in pods. Orcas often work together to surround a group of small prey before attack. When chase a bigger species such as a whale , the pod of dolphins would attack from several different angles all at once. Orcas are called killer whales because they tend to eat mostly whatever is in their ath. Orcas have very sharp, cone shaped t eeth used to rip and tear prey. (Methods of assembling Food, Sea World). Killer whales use echolocation sound wave to lead. echo sounding is the location of objects by reflected sounds. This is used in dolphins and bats. This is what the killer whales rely on to hunt in the dark, communicate, and to navigate. Some sounds a killer whale make are jaw claps , echolocation clicks, low-frequency pops, pulsed calls, and whistles . The orca makes this sound by moving the air between the nasal sacs in the blowhole area.Humans have a lot of impact on killer whales. Humans have ever so been interested in learning abut the killer whale, but not much research could be found on them. The first cipher of a killer whale was found on a center field out drawing in Norway, its about 9000 years old. There are often false myths about killer whales, and many times this misinformation leads to harm for the whales. Killer whales have been often hunted for their meats, organs, and blubber. Before 198 1, six thousand killer whales were taken by Japanese , Norwegian, and Soviet whalers. (Human Impact, Sea World).Killer whales have many adaptations like diving, respiration, thermoregulation, and sleep. Orcas are very fast swimmers in the water. They can swim up to twenty eight miles per hour. They usually swim eight miles per hour. Killer whales maneuver well in the ocean. When near the surface the killer whale stays under water for cardinal seconds or less. Killer whales are also known for their diving tactics. They can dive one hundred meters in the ocean. Killer whales also use thermoregulation. Thermoregulation is also the process of regulate body temperature.Orcas are very warm blooded their body temperature is equal humans. The large size of a killer whale keeps the whale warm. down the stairs the orcas skin is a very thick layer of blubber which helps comfort the amount of heat loss. Killer whales have a high metabolism, which also creates a lot of body heat. The orcas circulatory system assist in keeping the body temperature in place. The arteries contain warm blood from the core of the body and the veins contain cool blood, heat is often transferred from the arteries to the eins (Diagram D shows how this happens). Killer whales have been notice to rest or sleep for short periods of time sometimes as long as eight hours during the night. Calves have been observed to rest for a lesser period of time. (Adaptations, Sea world) Since Killer whales have no predator they could live fifty to eighty years. The only predators killer whales have are human (Killer Whales, NOAA). There are many causes to the death of killer whales, one cause is disease. Ulcers, tumors, skin diseases , look disease, and respiratory issues.Some killer whale have been diagnosed with Hodgkins disease, this is a cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites. Orcas sometimes fix from several infections. Parasites are another issue causing harm to the killer whales health. Some parasite are flukes, roundworm, and tapeworms. (Longevity and causes of death, Sea world) The killer whale, or orca, is the double-quick of the marine mammals its powerful tail flukes help propel it through the water. It is also the largest of all dolphins.Orcas can get very big, it is possible for then to weigh up to six tons. Some orcas grow twenty three to thirty two feet long. They have approximately forty to fifty cone-shaped teeth, that are up to four inches long. Not much is told about their age but some resources show that some killer whales that live in the delirious are about thirty to eighty years old. Killer whales have a widely spread population they are found in all parts of the oceans. Orcas have a counter shaded color pattern, they have a solid black top, and a solid white bottom with an oval shaped white spot which is called an eyespot .The dorsal fin for adult male are triangle shapes and can be up to six feet high. On the other hand a female dorsal fin is slightly curved, and that can grow up to three feet high. Orcas are considered to be one of the top predators in the ocean. Killer whales eat a variety of fish, seals, whales, sea lions, squid, and seabirds. Research shows that killer whales are capable of rupture seals of ice. Whales hunt in a group called pods. There are two types of pods residential and transient. Residential prefer to hunt fish and transient prefer to hunt marine mammals.Orcas use echolocation to find food, this technique is also used by bats. Orcas give birth every three to five years in the wild. Females carry their young for seventeen months. Baby orcas or calves are born up to eight feet long and can weight up to four hundred pounds. Orcas are highly protective of their young. These pods communicate with different noises. Killer whales are very intelligent. There has never been a document case on a killer whale attacking a human. (Twenty interesting facts about kill er whales, Angela W. LaFon)

The Concept of Economy

There gift been divers(a) views from various scholars on the meaning of scrimping. Of this various definitions takes Economy is a limit derived from the Greek word OIKONOMOS which means One who manages a home. even out though the term Economy is derived from the Greek word, history has shown that the Babylonians and their neighbouring towns were the first to make grow some(prenominal) form of economics as it regards laws and rules.According to Wikipedia (2018) The contemporary innovation of the economy wasnt popularly known until the American Great Depression in the 1930s. However, prior to this period, the concept of economy had passed through and through different phases some of which include Primary, secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary stage of the economy.What then is Economy?Economy as defined in Investing Answers (2018) Is the organised dodge of human occupation involved in the production, consumption, ex channelize and the production of goods and table go. It is an organised system where m nonpareily is made through the production and distribution of goods and services. The Oxford Living Dictionaries (2018) as well as defined economy as the state of a rude or region in terms of production and consumption of goods and services and the offer of money.There are diverse slipway of measuring the economic activities of any nation. Some of these ways includeGross Domestic ProductsExchange rateStock MarketInterest RateUnemploymentCHINA AND ITS ECONOMYPopularly known as the Peoples Republic of china. mainland chinaware was established on January 1, 1912 after the Xinhai Revolution that Qung dynasty era. The realm is situated in East Asia and is referred to as the most populated area in the universe of discourse with an estimated pattern of 1.404 billion commonwealth. In terms of go through mass after Russia, mainland mainland chinaware is the second largest outlandish in the world. In the world in general, there is a popular conception t hat the Chinese people can be used for cheap labour. However, despite this nonion, the landed estate is the largest emerging economy in the world and is mostly engaged in manufacturing, industrial production, servicing and agriculture.As at 2017, China became the worlds largest economy through its purchasing by making $23.12 trillion in comparison to atomic number 63an fusion and the United States of America at Second and Third strength respectively.Despite cosmos the largest economy in the world, China remains a very poor country with regards to standard of lively. This low standard of living attracts people and businesses to the country. just about of Chinas economic exploitation is guessent on the exporting of machinery and equipment. Apart from machinery and equipment, early(a) components of Chinas economy includes real estate, infrastructure, ports, railways, pipelines, aluminium, copper, cement, steel, exchange, reserves and so onIn recent time, China has witnessed a slowdown of its economy which resulted to a slow growth in its gross domestic product. Most of the changes that affects economic growth centres on change that has labour, productivity and capital. In the case of China, the decline in its economic growth is attributed to the huge technological gap between China and other generative countries. Another that contributes to decline the economy is an maturation in Countrys debt.CHINA AND THE WORLDS ECONOMYThere is the motion that in comparison to the worlds economy, Chinas economy is a strong essence to reckon with whether or not it is the largest or second largest as measured by GDP. In 2007, from existence the sixth economy as at 2002, China was declared the worlds largest economy with a total of $23.12 trillion as against the European Union and U.S respectively. This does not dispute the fact that when considering the per capital income of the average man in China, the countrys populace comprises off relatively poor people or t hat the lingering slowdown in the economy brings with it a lure of fear in the minds of their nations.According to Gutte W all in allin Pederson (2002) Chinas growth has primarily been driven by market point reforms and the opening of the Chinese economy to the rest of the world. otherwise components of Chinas economy include manufacturing and production of machineries at low costs, remote direct investments, exportation, agriculture and import of things consumed in the country.China has contributed immensely to the GDP growth of the world. It is quite primal to the worlds economic growth. Between 1980 to 2011, China recorded an annual growth of nearly 10%. A significant thing occurred when China decided to trade union the World Trade Organization in 2001. This is because along with the accession came Chinas revel to provide fair treatment to WTO members ensuring that their enterprises where given the same treatment as that of the Chinese and vice versa.Most of Chinas econom ic growth in the world centres on physical capital and human capital. Labour force in China gross rapidly. Countries all over the world regards Chinas labour force as cheap as such would rather set about them in their employ yet a large populous of the workforce has not been tapped. Apart from having a cheap workforce, cost of living in China is in addition cheap. This explains why countries now go to China to establish companies in other to access black materials and lower their cost of manufacturing and production.For a country like the USA, China still remains the highest manufacturer of toys. China withal exports manufactured products such as phones, electronics, clothing, furniture etc. Most countries depend on China for products they consume. Example African Countries.Despite being the highest exporter of consumer goods all over the world, China is the second largest importer in the world. The country because of its limited instinctive resources contributes largely to oth er countries GDP in terms of imports. Most commodities that China imports include uncivil oil, petroleum gas, iron ore, lead, copper, palm oil, asphalt etc. For instance, the countrys importation of integrated circuits accounted for about 44% of Malaysian exports for 2016.China is one of the major players in the arms market. Prior to now, China was one of the importers of conventional arms. However, in recent times, the reverse has become the case with the country being the 5th largest exporter of these arms as ranked in the world. According to China power (2008) Between 2008 and 2012, China exported $14.4 billion worth of conventional weapons crossways the globe.During this period, most percentage of arm supply made by China went to Asia and another fraction of Africa. Chinas neighbours and some parts of America have not been left out of the arm supply trend. For instance, between the aforementioned(prenominal) years, the country provided arms worth $1.86 billion to Bangladesh which is about 71.9% of Bangladesh arms encyclopaedism during this period (China Power 2018).As pointed out by Alec Ash (20177) the underlying areas which China intends to drive the world economics growth and reforms area. Innovation-driven economy, tapping the potential of businesses some(prenominal) big and small.b. One belt, one road initiative, connecting trade markets across Eurasiatic land and sea.c. A rising middle class, growing in number spending power to drive consumption.d. Financial market liberation, speeding improvements in the Chinese market.e. State-Owned enterprises, opening biggest industries.f. Oversea investment, leveraging Chinese capital to improve the global economy.g. China intends to be more involved in the worlds economy irrespective of being a major player already as the country is slowly becoming a consumption driven economy.Despite being a key player in the world economy, the world itself has witnessed a slowdown in the Chinese economy in recent tim es. This is because its service sector is suffering from the set up of its workforce population ageing and increase in wages to meet global standards. The use of technology has also declared some job roles obsolete.Justin Kuepper (2017) opines that many economists believe the country would have to migrate from manufacturing to services as a primary driver of GDP, and as other developed countries like the United States and those in Europe have done in the past. There is no doubt that their slowdown will affect economies globally. It may have a deflationary effect on most economies.For instance, countries that exports goods to China will experience a decline in penury for the goods by China. What this implies is that the decline in demand for goods/services will lead to a drop in their set thence reducing the export GDP of these products. Example the demand for crude oil has reduced thus leading to a decline in price of crude oil.These days, China goes to the extent of rendering services in exchange for free crude oil. Chinas demand for these products will be slow. Other components contributing to these slowdown include a rise in debt and gradual close of technological gap between China and other countries thus reducing the demand for Chinese products and reducing its productivity growth.Irrespective of what the effects of this slowdown may imply there is a need for countries to make themselves for the challenges that lie ahead of them globally. Some of the way they can handle ways situation include, reduction of commodity exposure, diversification of investment hedge with puts on Chinese EIFs (Justin Kuepper 2017).IMPACT OF CHINA ECONOMY ON NIGERIAN ECONOMYRelating the extend to of China economy to Nigeria, it will not be misleading to say that her impact on the Nigerian economy is quite enormous. It will not be undermining to say that Nigeria is one country thats hugely dependent on China. Most products used in Nigeria are tagged with Made in China labe ls that ranges from toys, to plastics, household items, machineries, electronics, clothing etc. Nigeria is also dependent on China for some raw materials.Nigerians also negotiate with the Chinese for customized products only for the Nigerian market.In recent times, the Nigerian economy has experienced an advancement in industrialization. This advancement has encourage the production of locally made products and reduced the countrys dependance on goods from other countries in terms of economic boost, the countrys bilateral ties with other countries of which China is inclusive has also brought about an increase in foreign investment.Nigeria continually comes up with policies that do not only aim at strengthening its bilateral ties but are also targeted at ensuring it is clear to a wide range of options as regards to the quantity and quality of goods consumed by its citizens in process bring about a reduction in the poverty level. Some of this policies includes Structural Adjustment package, Trade liberation Policy.The inquiry to be asked is Do these policies really help in giving the country trade advantage in the long run? The major constituent contradictory to Nigeria/China bilateral ties is labour force. The Nigerian policies as stimulate as they may seem may only suffice for the countrys conterminous needs. There is little or no transfer of technological familiarity due to language and cultural constraints, Nigerian institutions are not accountable, pellucid or credible in their relations.Despite the above limiting factor on the part of Nigeria, China have been having bullion swap dealings with different countries of which Nigeria is partisan.As stated by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Governor, Mr Godwin Emefiele, the currency swap agreement is targeted at helping both countries achieve the pursuita. Provision of adequate liquidity of local currency for industrialists in both countries,b. Aid manufacturers businesses in China/Nigeria to access funds to import raw materials from both countries,c. Nigerian businesses who impart from China will be protect from the frequent fluctuations and effects of third party currency.d. It will help people in West Africa have access to Chinas local currency as Nigeria will be the trade hub in the region for this purpose.Since the availability of innate resources is limited in China, the aforementioned economic giants depends on Nigeria for Agricultural affirm and crude oil. The importation of these goods from Nigeria helps increase its exportation quota in terms of GDP although in recent times, China would rather offer free services to Nigeria in exchange for free crude oil.

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay

Hu bit record is the psychological and social qualities that characterize human chassis. Human nature separates humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The underlining theme of human nature is unornamented in salient Expectation by Charles two use of his characters.A main characteristic that ogre dis sportsmans is intimacy. The fri abrogateship between polish off and Herbert is strong. Herbert was solid to t all(a)(prenominal)ys growth in social class and ultimate to his revelation. Friendship was one of the human characteristics hellion enjoyedby associating fellowship with thoroughly characters and deeds, he made it known that he admires friendship. (MacAndrew 168) Herbert aided charge when he first came to London and made the transition an easy one. Herbert protagonisted filled in the blanks for finish off when he was lost. Herbert saved touchs livelihood when Orlick essay to kill him. When dapple needed someone to turn to Herbert was forever in that respe ct. In event of Herberts friendship murder similarly helped him. clear up utilize the money he was getting from Magwitch to finance Herbert dream of fair a business owner.This was a true friendship that did non falter passim the novel. Friendship is one of the few heartfelt characteristics that Dickens indicates end-to-end the novel. Dickens goes beyond the bond of friendship to the bond of love. Herbert was non the unless psyche that assisted blip. Joe was another component to Pips success. Joe had deeper feelings then friendship towards Pip. Joe loved Pip give c are they were brothers. Joe was a simple, honest, hardworking man. Joe was a sample of the man e genuinelyone should try to be. Joe was there in the beginning for Pip when he was getting picked on by Tickler or being brought up by croak by Mrs. Joe.Although Pip turned his back against Joe he was there in the shadows. Joe as simple as he was knew that Pip was leaving him behind. Not wishing to intrude I be wilder done for(p) fur you are well again dear Pip and pass on do better without. (Dickens 439) Joe knew that he would only be holding Pip back he felt like he was a turn on to Pip. Joe was following the notion if you love something you should set it free. sluice though Joe didnt have some(prenominal) he paid Pips debts because of his dogmatic love for Pip. Joe tried his best to protect Pip and not to fret him. This unconditional love that Joe employed over Pip became essential for Pips growth. other good human characteristic that Dickens expresses is generosity. This came from the most unlikely person, Magwitch. Magwitch help Pip like a father type would. Magwitch is one of the characters that play a role of a parent. Lookee here, Pip. Im your second father. Youre my son oft to me nor whatever son. Ive do a bearing money, only for you to spend. (Dickens 329) Magwitch had the alike love for Pip as Joe did. Magwitch did not care about his money, hardly instead he cared ab out Pips happiness and his dream. Magwitch was a convicted criminal that made Pip dreams stick with true. Although he was a convict he was virtuously good. He did everything he could to help Pip become the man he is at the end of the novel.Lord strike me dead I says each timeand I goes out in the bluff air to say it under the open heavensbut wot, if I gets liberty and money, Ill make that son a gentleman And I done it. (Dickens 351) Magwitch was the secret benefactor that was substructure Pips journey. The generosity that Pip testifyed Magwitch left such(prenominal) wallop he swore that he would repay Pips generosity. One act of random kindliness change Pips life forever. Magwitch generosity towards Pip went distant beyond the generosity that Pip giveed him. Magwitch generosity did not go unremarked by Pip though. Near the end of the novel Pip return the generosity by helping Magwitch. Dickens did not only show the positives of human nature, but likewise the negatives.One of the negative characteristics that Dickens looked at was harshness. Dickens believed the darkest facet of human nature was cruelty. He created m some(prenominal) characters who displayed this adynamic characteristicby creating dark characters, Dickens made the reader repel with them. (The Saturday Review 69) Dickens employ a span of characters from the protagonist to pocket-sized characters to demonstrate cruelty. This was vital to Pips and Estella revelation because it show them there immature ways. Pip experience cruelty first hand from the very beginning. Pips childhood memories are frightening for him because of the torment he received from Tickler and Mrs. Joe. Joe could only protect Pip so a good deal, but he could not save him from everything. Pip was not so kind towards Joe as Joe was to Pip. Estella was another cruel character because she did not have a burden towards men. She would use her beauty to make men fall in love with her, but would not return the love.Sh e did not have any affection because it was driven from her at a very early age. Dickens displayed this tactic of cruelty not only in Estella, but also in Compeyson. Compeyson the man that was supposed to married omit Havisham was a egoistical man. He tricked fly the coop Havisham to fall in love with him, but when he had access to her money he left on their wedding day. Compeyson also tricked Magwitch. Compeyson and Magwitch were arrested together, but Compeyson organize a plan that got him seven years in jail while Magwitch got fourteen years. The pain that Compeyson left to leave off Havisham and his consumption of the sentence hearing gave birth to monsters seeking revenge. Dickens use of cruelty brings to life another bad human characteristic, revenge. The cruelty that Compeyson inflected hold Miss Havisham to seek revenge.Tainted from her one experience Miss Havisham distrusted all men. Miss Havisham played the other role of being a parent. She pick out Estella solo bas ed on concept that all men were like Compeyson. Miss Havisham is the one who created Estella to be this heartless creature. Estella was one of Miss Havisham pawns in her plan of revenge. Estella doesnt play into her games anymore and makes her own living with DrummleMiss Havisham tries to control Pip and seduced him into the thoughts of being with Estella forever. (Chesterton 199) Pip was the other pawn that Miss Havisham was playing. But when I fell into the mistake I have so long remained in, at least you lead me on? said Pip Yes, I let you on.Miss Havisham replied. (Dickens 334) Miss Havisham convinced Pip to remember that Estelle was his soul mate knowing Estella would never return the love. Miss Havisham spend the rest of her life on obtaining revenge on men. Like Miss Havisham, Magwitch sought revenge. Compeyson was also the conclude behind Magwitch plan to seek revenge. contradictory Miss Havisham, Magwitch fatalityed direct revenge on Compeyson. Compeyson also used Magw itch for his own personal gain. This obsession leads to Magwitch unhappiness. When Magwitch achieves his goal of revenge he does not gain happiness, but rather despair. Dickens demonstrations of revenge go against any notion that revenge is good, but rather we should forgive those who trespass against us. ingratitude was a part of the collection of negative human characteristics that Dickens expressed. When Pip grows in social class he is ungrateful towards those below him. Pip tries to forget past and where he came from. Pips remarks in knave 89 Estella would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith how think his boots, and how coarse his hands. He treats Joe and Biddy like they are beneath him, but they are morally better people. He rejects the love that like those Joe and Biddy offer, and he feels he leave alone not see himself as worthy, unless he meets the approval of the moth-eaten and haughty Estella (Whipple 381)All Pip cares for is himself and his goals. Instead of staying with Joe while he was in town he rented a room at the blue boar. Pip wanted no part of his old life and did not want it interrupt his new life. Could have kept him away by paid money, certainly would have. (Dickens 217) Even when Joe extended his hand to help Pip he was so superficial at the time he ignore him. Pip forgot all the things that Joe did for him. Pip became ungrateful during his transformation. Pip conflict was self-inflected with his dream of becoming a gentleman.Charles Dickens demonstrates the aspects of human nature throughout his novel capital Expectations through the use of his characters. Dickens also illustrates the positives and negatives of human nature. Suffering has been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart used to be. I have been lot and broken, but I take to into a better shape. (Dickens 453) Pip and Estella fit was self-inflected. They faced many hard ships, but only when they grasp the bringing close togethe r on what truly matters in life go away they find their bliss.BibliographyAreview of huge Expectations, in the Saturday Review. London, Vol. 12. No. 299, July 20,1861, pp. 69-70Brattin, Joel J.. Dickens Quarterly, Sep2012, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p285-287, 3p. (Book Review) Brown, James M. Dickens Novelist in The Market-Place. Totowa, NJ Barnes and Noble, 1982. Chesterton, G.K. Great Expectations, in his Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works ofCharles Dickens, E.P. Dutton & Co., 1911, pp. 197-206Cohen, go forthiam A.. comminuted Insights Great Expectations, 2010, p215-268,54p. (literaryCriticism)Gold, Joseph. Charles Dickens Radical Moralist. Minneapolis U of Minnesota P, 1972. Kirk, Neville. Labour and inn in Britain and the USA. London Scholar P, 1994. Levine, Caroline. Critical Insights Great Expectations, 2010, p128-146, 19p. MacAndrew, Elizabeth. Critical Insights Great Expectations, 2010, p161-176, 16p. (LiteraryCriticism)Mittleman, Leslie B.. Masterplots, Fourth Edition, November 2010, p1-4. (Work Analysis)Author Name Dickens, CharlesTobin, Mary Ann. Critical Insights Great Expectations, 2010, p55-67, 13p. (Literary Criticism) Whipple, Edwin P. Reviews and Literary Notices Great Expectations, in the AlanticMonthly, Vol. VIII, No. XLVII, September, 1861, pp. 380-382.Great Expectations by Charles Dickens showThe relationship between Pip, Estella, and Jaggers is red ink through much growth throughout the story. Pips and Estellas relationship is very similar to as when Pip was adept a common boy, and there is not much hope for the relationship to become real. Jaggers also has and will have much incline on the lives of Pip and Estella.The relationship between Pip and Estella is not getting much better and there is not much hope in it, the main reason being that Estella still treats Pip the same as when he was just a common boy. Estella explains that she has no heart and cannot feel emotions, which is from the quote You must know, said Estella, that I have no heart -if that has anything to do with my memory (223). Estella, because she says she has no heart, will not have any feelings for Pip even if she grows to be a gentleman. This shows how there is not much hope in their relationship, because Estella will never have love for Pip. Estella also still calls Pip boy which is shown from the quote You silly boy, said Estella quote composedly, how can you talk such nonsense (248)? Estella still calls Pip boy, as if he was just a common boy, even though he has become more a gentleman.This shows how Estellas attitude for Pip has not changed and probably will not change, which does not bring much hope to their relationship. Another sheath is when Estella allows Pip to kiss her, just like she did before shown from the quote Will you never take warning? Or do you kiss my hand in the same spirit in which I once let you kiss my cheek (250)? Pip responds by kissing her, and this shows how Pip is only allowed to kiss her when she tells him he can, even though he has become a gentleman. Their relationship has not seemed to become better because of this, and almost seems as if they are puppets, only doing what Miss Havisham wants them to do. Pips and Estellas relationship extra time has not improved because of Estellas view that Pip will always just be a common boy to her, and another reason being that she says she does not have a heart.Jaggers has and will have much fascinate on the lives of Pip and Estella in different ways. One way he has influenced Pips life is by becoming his defender and fulfilling many of his needs, such as in the quote Ill go round presently, and pay our friend off (228). Pip said he does not like Orlick working at Miss Havishams, so Jaggers pays him off. This has influenced his life by allowing him to think that he could get anything he wants, now that he is wealthier and has Jaggers, who is a powerful man in society. Another way Jaggers has influenced Pip is by giving him advice on whic h tutor to pick, shown in the quote I dont remember him, observe because I never recommend anybody.The gentleman I speak of is one Mr. Matthew Pocket (130). Jaggers has influenced Pips life by suggesting a suitable tutor, who Pip becomes very good friends with. Estellas life has been influenced by Jaggers, one way being that he did something so now they feel an awkward presence towards each other. This is shown at when they are at Miss Havishams estate having dinner, where they avoid qualification eye contact with each other. Jaggers is a very influential man to Pip and Estella, which impacts both of them in many ways.The relationship between Pip, Estella, and Jaggers is going through great changes and growth. Pips and Estellas relationship throughout the story has mainly stayed the same, as Estella has no care for a upright relationship and treats Pip like he was still a commoner. Even though Estella discourages the relationship, Pip wants to be in one with her even more. Jagger s influence on Pip has grown as he has much influence on him by giving him advice as his guardian.

Minimum wage versus Earned Income Tax Credit

Minimal commit versus Earned In have intercourse Tax CreditAbstractionMinimal stipend apprise be defined as the smallest hourly pay rate that a staff member paid as authorized by federal byicial jurisprudence. The pay rate was ab initio verified by corporate dicker by authorities regulations and ordinance, saying the lowest rate at which workers whitethorn be employed. A legal nominal pay rate is unrivalled permitted by authorities for all staff members in a society, with low figure of freedoms. In another(prenominal) words, get off limit pay is the least dollar bill sum that comp each must pay to non-exempt staff members per hr, as permitted by local, province or federal jurisprudence. Most of the companies pay to the workers by hourly rate or in some other way of life like on committee footing. However, in any instance, the sum of dollar that qualified staff members earn, divided by the entire hours that they worked, must be tantamount to the current minimal pay rate.Ea rned income tax income sweetener information is a receipts sweetening enhancement credit for employees gaining low incomes. hitherto employees whose incomes are so low to back up paid tax enhancements fag end acquire gain income tax income enhancement recognition. The thought is to diminish the income receipts enhancement that for certain low-income tax-payers would otherwise be indebted. It is a refundable sum of recognition hence if the revenue enhancement that is outstanding is less than the sum of the recognition, the deviance is paid to the taxpayer as a refund. To run into the standards for the clear income revenue enhancement recognition, a taxpayer must work and gain less than the authorities s bound for registering position and household fortunes, convene a set of whimsical state of affairss, and register the needed IRS programs.Minimal pay versus Earned Income Tax CreditMinimal pay send away be defined as the smallest hourly, day-to-day or periodic p ay that employers may legitimately pay to employees or staff members. Systematically, it is the lowest pay at which employees may sell off their labor. Even though minimal pay regulations are in consequence in a great many governments, there are unsimilarities of sentiment rough the web incomes, bring ins and disadvantages of a minimal pay. The follower of the minimal pay say that is enhances or increases the populating criterion of employees and this will certainly cut down the per centum of poorness. Whereas, rivals say that if it is more(prenominal) than plenty to be effectual, it increases the ratio of unemployment, specifically among employees with really low productivity because of rawness or disability, in that manner to aching lesser skilled workers to the benefit of better skilled workers.Minimal rewards were ab initio planned as a manner to form the detonation of effort stores in fabrication industries. The perspiration stores provide services to big population of adult females and immature workers, reimbursing them what were judged to be unsatisfactory rewards. Nowadays, lower limit pay Torahs cover up employees in most low-paid countries of employment. Even though, the aims of the minimal pay are loosely admitted as proper, there is great disagreement as to whether the minimal pay is much effective in accomplishing its aims. From the clip of their debut, lower limit pay Torahs pass water been highly controversial politically, and have received less aid and tolerate from economic experts as compared to the general populace ( Neumark, &038 A Wascher, 2008 ) .Earned income is a scientific and practical term defined by the unify States revenue enhancement codification. The below mentioned are the chief beginnings for the pull in income rewards, wages, tips, committees from outside beginnings and other nonexempt employee compensation net incomes from self-employment sum income received as a statutory employee less population of disablement payments non-taxable battle wages which an accord of the United States armed services opts to include entirely for the motivation of earned income revenue enhancement recognition computation.Earned income revenue enhancement recognition shortly known as EITC or EIC, is a refundable revenue enhancement recognition, it is agencies tested, and planned to back up low-income employees of staff members and equilibrate the load of United States paysheet revenue enhancements. In other words, it is a refundable federal income revenue enhancement recognition for little to sensible income working individuals and households. Initially, Congress granted the revenue enhancement recognition statute law in 1975 in portion to counterbalance the burden and load of societal security revenue enhancements and to offer an inducement to work. When earned income revenue enhancement recognition goes beyond the sum of outstanding revenue enhancements, the effects in a revenue enhancement refund to those w ho claim and measure up for the recognition. To run into the standards for earned income revenue enhancement recognition, you must hold earned income from employment, self-employment or any other resource and acquire together specific regulations and ordinances. Additionally, you must every run into the excess regulations for staff employees or workers without a measure uping child or have a child that convenes all the Qualifying babe Rules for you ( Meyer, &038 A Holtz-Eakin, 2002 ) .As, we have discussed about the basic debut of both footings, now, we can make up ones mind which does more for households holding low incomes? natural elevation the minimal rewards or bettering the earned-income revenue enhancement recognition, a trying notes fillip to be paid to workers gaining low-incomes. By raising the minimal pay to 47.25, approximately 18 % of the 12 million members of staff who were paid amidst the current minimal pay and $ 7.24 an hr rate were in households that had har d currency income under the federal poorness in 2004. All of the employees come under that pay scope, instead than they received the sum of $ 7.25 per hr, they would hold gotten about $ 11 billion in excess rewards in the same twelvemonth. intimately 15 % of those excess and extra rewards ( $ 1.6 billion ) would hold been received by employees in hapless households. Making better the earned income revenue enhancement recognition ( EITC ) It all depends on how accurately Congress altered the jurisprudence, surely, by increasing revenue enhancement credits for childless workers and by in any event increasing the credits for households with three or more childs, would hold follow up to $ 2.4 billion in 2004, with employees in households under the poorness line of descent having $ 1.4 billion of the same.The basic thought of both constructs is, households who received fewer sums would hold received a maximal revenue enhancement recognition, and those persons who earned more sums wou ld hold received a smaller sum of revenue enhancement recognition. Families whose revenue enhancement recognition crosses the sum of revenue enhancement owed in world receive a cheque from the authorities for the difference. The earned income revenue enhancement recognition is fundamentally the same as a banish income revenue enhancement, excepting that the eligibility for the plan is restricted to the persons who work. Similar to the statement, both the negative income revenue enhancement and the minimal pay, the earned income revenue enhancement recognition topographical points extra income into the custodies of employees who worked at low rewards. However, unlike the lower limit pay, the earned income revenue enhancement recognition makes no inducement for employers to put off low-wage staff members ( Frank, &038 A Bernanke, 2007 ) .DecisionAs we have clearly discussed about both subjects, lower limit pay and earned income revenue enhancement recognition. We believe that the m inimal pay is merely the 2nd best option to the earned income revenue enhancement recognition and other displacement to the worker belongs to the hapless household. I believe that the traditional analysis of the lower limit pay has a reasonable sum and an person would truly hold a taste sensation to see more transportation payments to people, who are working and less attempts to utter through the same aim through regulative decree.MentionsFrank, Robert H. , &038 A Bernanke, Ben S. ( 2007 ) .Principles of economic sciences. New Delhi, India Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited.Neumark, David, &038 A Wascher, William L. ( 2008 ) .Minimum rewards. mommy, the States Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Meyer, Bruce D. , &038 A Holtz-Eakin, Douglas. ( 2002 ) .Making work wage the earned income revenue enhancement recognition and its impact on America s households. New York, USA Russell Sage Foundation Publications.

Life without Art Essay

Life without ruse is boring and dull. But lots at times, cheat is a subject that is underestimated in schools. The subterfuge courses in many schools atomic number 18 being cut back across the country. numerous classrooms now convey little supplies, and some courses are being taken away entirely. There are many reasons to which students need the side of art education in their curriculum, whether it is because it is an outlet for them to research their creativity, or to work in a way that is soothing and in a stress- free environment. fine art should be a mandatory subject to be taught in easy and middle school as a child is growing up, further cutting back on art programs in schools seems to be a common solution to budget cuts since the 1970s when budget cuts began. Fewer domain schools are offering art classes, whether it is in drama, dance, or visual art. This correct is due to budget cuts and an increased focus on math, science, and reading. Unfortunately, art classe s are the offshoot to be cut from schools, because the humanistic discipline arent taken as seriously as subjects such as math and science because the liberal arts programs are the first to be cut.This is a major problem in education. The movement to cut art from many schools has been growing in young years. Education cuts are becoming more prevalent as schools instance tough decisions on budgets. Unfortunately, art classes are usually some of the first victims of these cuts. Recent protests in California reflect the growing concern most budget cuts. Schools take a leak already made cuts of $18 billion in California and more cuts totaling $4. 1 billion may be necessary (Kirkland 1).California is not the only state facing this situation. Lower assess revenues, increasing prices and the slow economic recovery take away created problems across the unify States. The event of recent cuts in the art programs is a serious issue, and when I become an art teacher I want to take a stand against it and teach my students how important art is in school. Why do people view art as a light or and unimportant subject? In the old days, fine art was considered a hobby for the rich and privileged. Now, it is talked down upon.According to Olivia Hauck, the author of 2009-10 Against Cutting maneuver and Music Programs in School, the study of harmony, theatre, and other forms of art have been shown to get under ones skin other parts of students minds and even keep them out of gangs and other stabbing situations (1). Art and music programs in schools provide a different shape of learning environment that supplies alternative activities, while avoiding bad behavior. If kids are having fun in this different kind of stress free and expressive environment, they leave alone be less bidly to want to go and act recklessly.The arts are a way to present opportunities for jobs to students and other forms of self-discipline. Art increases little thinking skills and enhances creativity, because drawing and work with different mediums to create pictures is expanding thinking and working on solving problems in a new way. This is important, especially for students that arent skilled at math or science. Art is crucial in schools so students have the opportunity to explore their interests and passions.The students that are affected by cuts in the art programs may not be able to sacrifice private lessons or classes after school. And for some of these students, arts are what pushes them to widen going to school. Bob Sabol, president of the National Art Education Association, says, You take in students say, I found out who I was because I was able to explore my identity in the visual arts. It validates who they are as individuals (2). Art programs in education make it possible for students to explore themselves and their talents, which is the most important aspect of school.Its the responsibility of educators to make sure that every kid is overt to the art s, that they get their shot at being creative because who knows the person who cures something like cancer forget probably be somebody who thinks like an workman (Stauter, 1). Having an open mind and seeing things in different ways makes a person more likely to succeed in all areas of life. You could have a budding Beethoven that could go undiagnosed because you didnt have a music teacher to identify and nurture that talent, said Debbie Fahmie, fine- and performing-arts option teacher for Osceola County.If schools had no fine art classes, many students would have no opportunity to identify and develop their talent. They would be forced to go into field that arent meant for them. Students are our future, and a future education without fine art could mean no more musicians, artists, actors, etc. Our world would be jejune and lifeless without our artists, and the last thing that should be cut from schools are the art programs. I believe that all schooling should be divided into s cience, humanities and art.Science get bys with the concrete, direct figures, and numbers that neglect emotions and view all serviceman as representatives of the living world and nothing more. Humanities are the classes that deal with the behavior, problems, and society. Art on the other hand is the subject that deals with the forms and beauty and allows us to think of the things around us as of useful objects that are worth(predicate) our attention, time and effort. It should be treated just as equally as all other subjects. When I become an art teacher, I volition make sure that I stress how important art is.I will show my students that art goes into all aspects of life. I want to go bad my students with all different kinds of art, and encourage them to take different classes like drama, music of creative writing. It is important that students experiment with these subjects, because if not they may not have a chance to discover their passion. Cutting art programs in schools w ill be detrimental to education, especially for students that are more creative thinkers than concrete ones. Students mold our future, and they need to be able to explore their creativity as they grow up.

Vietnam’s Inflation

Vietnams governing is set to entrap electrical energy prices by 15% on Tuesday, at a epoch when the population is already struggling with a soaring cost of living. conclusion week the Vietnamese governing body also raised the retail prices of embrocate products by as much as 24%. In February, fanfare hit a two-year high of 12. 31%. Analysts say patronage the governments measures to tighten monetary policy, price compels are likely to continue. The increases in energy, electricity and petroleum indicate that we are going to see inflation loll around a little worse despite the shift in government policy, said Christian de Guzman of Moodys Investor Group.Overheating For years the Vietnamese government has kept a loose interest rate policy and subsidized lend in order to boost growth. The government expects the economy to expand as much as 7. 5%, up from 6. 8% in 2010. only the cost of that rapid pace is that the economy has started to show signs of overheating. Credit milit ary rating agencies cut the countrys sovereign-credit rating last year. Inflation fears have also caused a sell- discharge in Vietnamese markets. Vietnams benchmark stock index has slid 6. 7% in the past year. The Vietnamese government was focused on growth at all costs, said Mr de Guzman. By the middle of last year they had already reached their inflation target but then they continued to pursue new(prenominal) macroeconomic policy targets like credit growth and gross interior(prenominal) product growth, he said. Fighting inflation But since the beginning of this year, the government seems to have shifted its policies towards stabilizing prices. Last week the Vietnamese government announced a set of measures to curb inflation.Electricity prices have been raised in an effort to discredit budget spending The central bank latterly raised the cost of borrowing. It increased the benchmark refinance rate by 2 percentage points from 9% to 11%. The government has also vowed to reduce g overnment debt. To that effect, it cut the budget-deficit target to less than 5% of gross home(prenominal) product, from 5. 3%. Reducing government spending on subsidies for fuel and electricity are also part of that plan. In order to stave off inflation, they want to cut back on subsidies.It does alleviate some of the pressure on the budget, said Mr de Guzman. Dong devaluation The other major strain on the Vietnamese economy is the currency. The central bank devalued the dong against the US dollar by 8. 5%. It is the latest in a serial publication of devaluations the government has implemented to reduce the risk of a shortfall in foreign currency reserves. However, that will lead to higher import costs, which in turn, could again increase inflationary pressures.

Sales and Iventory

Online Sales and Inventory constitution For Marikina garment Exchange An Undergraduate Research Proposal Presented to The Computer Studies subdivisual sensation College of Science De La S entirelye University Dasmarinas In Partial Fulfillement of the Requirement for the Degree of bachelor-at-arms of Science in Information Technology Inah Denise A. Almera John Florence M. Delimos Patrick P. Lozano September 2010 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. keep goingground of the pack All things changes as the world pass around on time.Man starts to fulfill their work from scratch and as generations prevail pass, man subprograms alternative to lessen the aggrevation of work atomic sum up 53 of these alternatives is technology which is app atomic number 18nt(a) in the enormous society. At present time, business establishments wants to seek the use of technology as a tool in incrementing sales and productiveness. One of these companies is the Marikina habilitate Exchange. Marikina Shoe Excha nge (MSE) is a group of companies sell footwear, app bel, personify care, and household products. Most products sold by the caller-out is Philippine made. This company is a family-owned Filipino corporation, owned by the Jardiolin family.MSE engages in direct selling. Natasha, Confetti, Xxtra, Vivacci, Gabrio Franco, and Shoe Studio are its sister companies. MSEs history shows that it is deeply grow on its sister companies timeline. 1984 marks the opening of the Confetti (named after the events of the EDSA rotary motion where confetti rains by dint ofout the streets) Greenbelt branch and soon it blossoms around 1987 to 1990 where there is a notable rapid expansion of the s serve company. One of the companys peak happens when they open another branch at the SM Megamall during 1989. In 1990, Natasha starts as a retail operation in Robinsons Galleria.Following that class till 1993 engraves the start of the Natasha Department Store outlets in Cinderella stores as comfortably as in Landmark. In April 18, 1994, the group of companies launch its direct-selling marketing intent which is later revised from 1996 to 1997 to a new edge plan which is dumb utilize till present. The opening of the first MSE branch which is in Tutuban happens on September 1999. At present, MSE has thirteen branches which includes Tutuban, Dagupan, Alabang, Cubao, Davao, Cebu, Taft Avenue, Bacolod, Isabela, Cagayan de Oro, Starmall Mandaluyong, Pampangga and Imus, which is the location of our matter.Although MSE has no mission and vision , it believes that they owe its success most of all to its adherence to its core values, namely customer service, discipline, constant improvement, respect for separately other and honesty. MSE is still victimisation its manual of arms dodging on their transactions that cannot ply the securing and recording of nonchalant transactions, the ability to provide an organized sales reports and the ability to keep queer of the inventory, which woul d be somehow lessen the workload and the ability to keep booster cable of the inventory, which would be somehow lessen the workload of the workers.And because of these problems manual brass is really difficult to address. This study aims to dispell these problems by applying modern paradigm and methodologies to solve it and cite these systems synchronously. 2. asseveration of the Research Problem MSE organism a direct selling company encounters several problems. These problems are Low Security of Files. in that location are chances of possibly loosing to data due to absence of citing the access levels in viewing and modifying data. Almost all elements are manually encoded including resultant values from computations. unable to Monitor Products Thorougly. There are present ncertainties in the system much(prenominal) as assesing the supply if it exceed or is lower number of stocks. Without overseeing the touchstone, update the stocks from the supplier leave behind gift a d elay which will last might run out and could lead to out of stock or phase out. Lackadaisical Report Generation. With the existing system, report generation is manual, resulting in unreliability or uncertainties in the reports. Reports needed to other succeeding documentations will be possessed of a pending state till the reports are unblemished eventhough there are chances that is overdue in the mandatory time. 1. 3 Statement of Objectives . 3. 1 General Objectives To develop an Online Sales and Inventory System for Marikina Shoe Exchange. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives 1. To analyze and determine the problems and the factorsof the existing system through the use of data flow diagrams. 2. To gather every detail and entropy required to make the system. 3. To make a system that will cause the the attention and interest of the user. 4. To make meaningful functionalities and features which are user- sociable. 5. To train the users especially the assigned personnel on how to use the s ystem at ease. 6.To build a database that will store significant datas in online gear uping and as well as the inventory. 4. Significance of the Study This study will provide some merits to certain group of individuals. Some who will benefit the study are Company. By this study, the gap between the customers and the company be shorten, change magnitude the incoming orders as well as the companys productivity over time. They can in like manner promote their products everywhere and everytime. Employee. Employees will study lesser work in maintaining their inventory as all orders translation and others details are stored in the database.They can easily monitor all incoming orders as well as their remaining stocks and can sully the cost of receipt generation. Customer. through this study, the customer will be ensured with toilet facility in ordering their desired products, as well as being updated to the latest releases of trends and the recent promos, can pay through the net a nd live on their orders on their doorsteps. Proponents. The proponent can shit a wider understanding active how does processes in a system cycle throughout the supplier-business-customer relationship.They can also gain knowledge on strategic decisions on how to handle problems encountered by the company and how to formulate the proper solutions. Future Researchers. The future researchers will have ample ideas on how to deal problems in their researches especially those who will have the same topic. Using this research as a guideline, it can aid them in documentations and how to interrelate each concepts to mend the milestones of each activity. 1. 5 range of a function and Limitations of the Study Front End. The front-end part of the system is the website which will be seen or used by the customers.The proponents will create a user friendly Website for Marikina Shoe Exchange that will enable users to view and order products online. Through this site, customers will be able regist er, view products, and receive notifications regarding new promos, and order products online. The Website will be updated regularly to provide excellent customer service. Back End. To make the inventory process of the company easier, the proposed system will include a database system that will lessen the errors made by manual inventory checking. The employee will simply input the number of stocks at hand.If the quantity of a certain product is below the normal level of the number of stocks, the employee will be notified to ensure that they have a good issue forth of stocks for a certain product. The proposed system will also provide shelter only authorized employees will be able to check the database to head off the risk of other people accessing the inventory files. Maintenance. The proponents will provide a certain device that will serve as the back-up of the proposed system. The said system will also be easy to maintain all required information is stored in one database. Deliv ery.Delivery rates will suppose on how far the customer is located and will also regard on the total amount of the customers ordered products. Mode of Payment. Since the customers ordered online, pay will be made through credit card. Registered customers will be asked to provide a credit card line and number to be able to order products online. This mode of payment is guaranteed on its convenience. 6. Methodology of the Study pic One way to reduce cycle time is to use phased ripening. The system is designed so that it can be delivered in pieces, enabling the users to have some functionality while the rest is being developed.Thus, there are usually 2 systems functioning in parallel the production system and the development system. The operational or production sytem is the one currently being used by the customer and user the development system is the next magnetic declination that is being prepared to replace the current production system. Often, we refer to the systems in te rms of their release numbers the developers build mercantile establishment 1, test it, and deed it over the users as the first operational release. Then, as the users use Release 1, the developers are building Release 2. Thus, the developers are always working on Release n + 1 while Release n is operational.There are many ways for the developers to decide how to organize development into releases. The two most popular approaches are incremental development and iterative development. In incremental development, the system as specified in the requirements documents is partitioned into subsystems by functionality. The releases are defined by beginning with one small, functional subsystem and then adding functionality with each new release. However, iterative development delivers a full system at the very beginning and then changes the fuctionality of each subsystem with each new release.

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Avery Parsons Man 1030-Week 3 Professor Nathan Riggs Nov. 4,2012 Please define each of these foursome forms of air self-will and then respond to the following questions (1) Sole Proprietorship- A line of merchandise that is owned and usu wholey managed by one person it is the virtually common form. (2) Partnership- A legal form of business with two or more owners. (3) Corporation- Is a legal entity with authority to take a shit liability go to pieces from its owners. 4) Franchisors-Owns the overall rights and trademarks of the company and allows its franchises to use these rights and trademarks to do business. The entity or person owning the rights or license of the business. Do you think that transonic would reserve grown as large as it did today if had remained a Sole Proprietorship? why or Why not ? In my opinion , I would ordinate no due to the fact that it would have caused the dis reinforcement of limit growth, restrain reasons and unlimited liability.In terms of part nership it would bring about conflicts with a partner, department of profits, difficulty termination and unlimited liability. As a corporation , they would have encountered limited liability, the ability to raise more money investments, ease of ownership change and the ease of separating of owner from management. What were the advantages and disadvantages to Sonic each form of business Ownership?The advantages are they have the ability to have as numerous Sonic Restaurants all over the world, personal ownership, lower failure judge and management marking assistance compared to someone who begin a business from scratch. The disadvantages are that they have large start-up costs, shared profits, management regulations and coattail effect. Another advantage would be having a unified voice to protect their investments. Sonic has survived and continues to be successful, not only by maintaining a strong fast victuals presence throughout the years as drive in.While other custody have g one under one by one. There have been lots of drive in and fast nourishment restaurants over time. In your opinion what makes Sonic and other major successful than others? The quality food they serve. The nostalgia of this old time tradition or the novelty of it, depending upon the age of the customers it provides an resistless attraction to a wide variety of clientele, making sonic potentially a very profitable franchise option. In closing ,Sonic restaurants free are no. through various changes and innovations made rather recently, Sonic Drive in has been able to expand its number of store locations within the past decade. Today there are nearly 3,000 Store locations all across the nation ,and the company boasts market capitalization that exceeds 1. 5 billion. References nurture activities 1 and 2 Learning video Sonic is Booming taste Business McGraw & Hill Chapter 1 pgs. 8-11 Chapter 5 How to form a business-pgs. 114-145

Canadian Confectionery Market

Within the confectionary exertion, the sacramental manduction manether portion (Standard Industrial Classification 1082) consists of establishments primarily engaged in the construct of grate mucilage and lavdy mumble preparations. The simoleons and java confectionary division (Standard Industrial Classification 1083) consists primarily of firms engaged in caramelizing, syrup kneading, extruding, compressing, st supranational ampereing or other(a)(a)wise manufacturing starch sinceres (jelly outhousedies of all told kinds) hard slit dissolvedy hot deep brown powder and choco belated confectionary and cooking coffee berry overlaps, unsweetened and sweetened. opening Prior to the mid eighties, the footdy store sub-sector had, primarily, focussed on serving the house servant securities effort. In 1988, little than 12% of shipments were exportationinged, whereas imports casted for to the highest degree 24% of the domestic intellectual nourishmentstuf f (see table). However, shifts in the structure and performance of the Canadian confecti onenessry industriousness occurred with the orbiculate integration of economies that began to intensify in the late 1980s.These changes, stimulated by spheric softwood liberalization, were formalized in the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the northeastern American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and multilateral negotiations that led to the institution of the new World Trade Organization (WTO). The initial impetus for change came in response to escalating competition from imports ( in particular European coffees and hard candies), much thanover the fabrication similarly became more than(prenominal) aw be of the potential for exploiting emerging export opportunities.At the same time, the domestic foodstuff was exhibiting limited growth. By 1997, exports acted nigh 32% of candy store shipments. Historically, more Canadian candy store compensaters stick out g o approximately scale dis wagess compargond with American and European firms. At the same time, Canadian exporters, including supplemental operations of multinational get intoprises with product mandates for the U. S. commercialize, scram enjoyed a relative production- appeal advantage in a give away ingredient, lucre.Canadian sugar refiners atomic repress 18 anomalous among those of other industrialized countries in that they purchase most of their dim sugar on the military personnel food grocery. Prices on the world market atomic number 18 ordinarily low and are reflected in lower prices for refined sugar in Canada. Other competitiveness factors relate to spheric differentiate-ownership rights and taste differences that necessitate superfluous formulations for the domestic market. These characteristics hurt helped separate the U. S. and Canadian markets to just about extent.The growth of retail gourmet candy shops, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenomin al) as Laura Secord in the late 1980s pointed to a new consumer trend toward buy high-quality, specialty products at agio prices. Many retail shops sell imported merchandise however, domestic producers also began to supply the market for quality chocolates and their products, too, set out been accepted by consumers. Overall, the confectionery industry has adapted sanitary to the more open world-wide craft environment by and through and through a series of rationalizations which incur resulted in more efficient and specialized operations. SignificanceAs with many other industries in the Canadian nutrition and beverage processing sector, the manufacturing of confectionery products progressed from what was, essentially, a bungalow industry in the 19th century to a modern, concentrated industry by the middle of this century. Today, confectionery manufacturing is a growing and dynamic incision of the food for thought and beverage processing sector, re bring ining 3-4% of the total value of shipments, amount of establishments and number of employees. The confectionery industry shipped product set at more than $1. 9 one thousand gazillion in 1997. About $1. billion of this was sugar and chocolate confections (25% sugar and 75% chocolate) and about $0. 37 billion was chewing mutter. Value-added in confectionery manufacturing is approximately 51% of the total value of shipments, considerably higher than the food processing sector modal(a)(a) of 36%. Structure in that respect are 106 establishments (plants) in the sugar and chocolate industry and in the chewing gum tree segment, employing approximately 10,411 people, (latest statistics, 1997). Confectionery production is located mainly in Ontario, exactly the industry has representation in all regions of Canada.Production facilities range in size from low-pitched, one- or two-person, seasonal operations, to oversized plants employing up to 1,000 people. The confectionery industry in Canada is hig hly concentrated. The leading eight enterprises produce close to 87% of the value of shipments. Foreign ownership of the confectionery industry is high since multi-national enterprises have a major position in the industry. An estimated 60% of industry shipments are accounted for by foreign-controlled enterprises located in Canada.Within the confectionery industry, characteristic distinctions can be made between sugar candy operations and chocolate operations. Most sugar confectionery companies are small or sensitive in size and produce a wide variety of products, such as hard candy, gummy bears, licorice, jujubes and t rack upee, as well as an classification of hard and soft candies for specialty and bauble markets. Most chocolate operations, on the other hand, are larger and dedicated to three product categories package chocolates, chocolate interdict and/or seasonal novelties.Boxed or glow chocolates are sold, primarily, as gifts for birthdays, anniversaries, Christmas, Val entines Day and Easter. The chocolate close off market tends to be steady year-round, save is highly fragmented a bar that can capture 4 or 5% of the market is considered successful. Gaps between the top-selling bars are careful in tenths of a divide point. Packaging materials represent a portentous input woo in the confectionery industry, estimated at 20% of the cost of raw materials (1998).The primary ingredients used and their approximate component of the overall cost of raw materials are cocoa products (20%), sugar (5%), dairy products (7%) and nuts (6%). Firms in the confectionery industry compete on the innovation of brand name, advertising and promotion, specialty products, quality and cost. Because confectionery products are usually discretionary and high-impulse purchases, promotion plays a significant role in establishing brand presence in the various regional markets of Canada.In 1998, the Confectionery Manufacturers connecter of Canada (CMAC) estimated that adv ertising and trade-promotion cost for its member companies totalled $55 trillion, or 2. 6% of gross sales. In years when at that place are many new product launches, confectionery firms spend more on advertising and promotion. In 1997, for example, advertising expenditures for CMAC firms were $57 million. The chocolate and chewing gum components of the confectionery sub-sector tend to be more highly brand-sensitive and advertising-oriented than the sugar confectionery component.The medium- and large-sized firms in the confectionery industry are generally considered to be capital- intensifier, technologically modern and efficient. Entry into the sub-sector, however, can be prepareed by firms with low levels of technical sophistication. Smaller firms qualification niche products a lot use older equipment and run labor-intensive operations because they do non have sufficient sales volumes to warrant investment in few of the newer, high-speed, high-capacity machinery. Performanc ePerformance in the confectionery industry is influenced by a number of factors, including market conditions that compromise the aptitude to maintain high rate of capacity utilization, competition from imports, the fluctuating cost of some imported raw materials, the value of the Canadian dollar and brand name rivalry. Throughout the 1990s, as part of its adaptation to various world-wide trade agreements, the confectionery manufacturing industry has unfoldd to undergo rationalization while making needful investment, particularly in new machinery and equipment ($105 million in 1997).The number of manufacturing establishments rock-bottom from 110 in 1988 to 87 in 1994, but rose again to 106 in 1997. Commensurate with plant rationalization, the value of confectionery shipments cast upd 24% between 1992 and 1997. (see Figure 1) Correspondingly, employment change magnitude by about 5% between 1992 and 1997. During the same period, labor productivity, measured by objective sale s per employee, also improved substantially, rising about 24%. Approximately 32% of the growth in shipments was attributable to exports, which increased 390% between 1988 and 1997.Figure 1. impart Shipments and Employment, 1988-1997 In 1997, $599 million in confectionery shipments were exported (Figure 2). Ninety-five percent of exports go to the U. S. A significant part of Canadian transnational trade relates to product mandates achieved by Canadian operations of multinational enterprises headquartered in the U. S. Canadas confectionery exports curb about 69% chocolate, 27% candy and 4% gum, by value. In 1998, 95% of Canadas sugar candy and chocolate exports went to the U. S. and about 5% to Japan, Australia, Mexico, the U. K. Hong Kong, the Philippines and confederation Korea. Figure 2. Imports, Exports and Domestic Shipments, 1997 The majority of chewing gum exports (83%) also go to the U. S. , based on multinational corporate trade. However, the U. K. , Chile, Belgium, Franc e, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, the Netherlands and South Korea represent other export markets for chewing gum, each accounting for about 1-3% of exports in this phone line. In 1997, Canada imported about $766 million in confectionery products this comprised $742 million in sugar and chocolate confectionery products and $23. million in chewing gum (Figure 2). Canadas confectionery imports are made up of approximately 74% chocolate, 23% candy and 3% gum, by value. About 54% of sugar and chocolate confectionery imports are from the U. S. , a further 46% from the U. K. , Germany and Italy. A good deal of this trade is in branded products that are globally recognized. These goods are imported by brokers or retailers, or directly by Canadian-based operations of multinationals to round out their product lines in the Canadian market. In the chewing gum category, approximately 60% of imports are from the U.S. , about 40% from Mexico, brazil-nut tree and Japan. The confectionery industry s export orientation increased from 12% of factory shipments in 1988 to 32% in 1997, while import penetration increased from 24% of the domestic market to 37% during the same period. Overall, the negative trade remainder, measured in current dollars, has changed dramatically since 1988, from a negative trade balance of $166 million in 1988 to $0. 1 million in 1999 (see table on page 11). Figure 3 also indicates that the gap between exports and imports narrow significantly in 1998 and 1999. Figure 3.Trade Performance, 1988-1999 It is estimated that the confectionery industry operate at about 75% of full production capacity. This is partly because, in some segments of the industry, specialized equipment is whole used for seasonal product lines. While the order of capacity utilization may vary among countries, the same impediments are confront in varying degrees by all global competitors. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, two confectionery firms in Canada made significant investment s in new plants. Generally, investment in buildings and construction has been little intensive since then.In the sugar and chocolate segment, arranged with cost-cutting and rationalization efforts, gross margins (value-added less wages) rose steadily from an average of 37% in 1988 to 41% in 1992, but by 1997 declined to 37% (margins in the chewing segment are somewhat higher). In 1995, confectionery companies engaged in fierce rivalry for market allocate many promotional deals were evident in decrease prices at the retail level. Nevertheless, gross margins in both the chewing gum and the sugar and chocolate confectionery segments are higher than in the food and beverage processing sector overall (27% in 1997).Figure 4. jacket Investment, 1992-1997 Profits tend to be higher in the sugar confectionery industry than in the chocolate industry. Return on sales in the chocolate bar industry in Canada is less than that in the U. S. and U. K. , for example. Canada is the all country in which the four major multinational chocolate bar companies, all essentially equal in size, co-exist in the same market. The intensely competitive market conditions caused by this unique situation keep wampum low.In recent years, the confectionery industry has demonstrated significant real growth in shipments, employment and productivity since 1988. Furthermore, sustained growth in exports is an encouraging sign that Canadian firms can compete in the global market. Issues, Challenges and Opportunities Toward the Next Century As the confectionery industry adjusts to market drivers, such as globalization, demographic changes and general economical conditions, it must address a number of issues to remain viable and enhance its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. Functioning inside a globalized environmentglobalization is an economic phenomenon driven by a range of influences, including the let onment of more efficient means of transporting goods, the inter nationalization of food product withdraw, the establishment of information networks that facilitate trade in goods, services and capital, and a more international perspective in marketing and investment activities by industry. To a great(p) extent, globalization has already reshaped the structure and attitude of the Canadian confectionery sub-sector, as noted earlier. However, many issues must be addressed to keep stride with change.Cost and competitiveness Confectionery companies in Canada are in a somewhat unique position among food processors in that they use just small quantities of Canadian agricultural inputs (other than dairy). Production cost in the confectionery sub-sector are sensitive to even small increases in world sugar, cocoa, raisin or nut prices. The prices of these globally traded commodities are much volatile. When prices increase significantly, processors have no easy way of passing them along to consumers while retaining their traditional share of the inse ct bite market.Canadian firms that export products are less competitive when world commodity prices, particularly for sugar, rise. Generally, Canadian confectionery manufacturers enjoy a cost advantage over American manufacturers when they export to the U. S. The U. S. maintains a high domestic price for sugar, while Canadian processors derive a significant gain from their ability to purchase refined sugar at world prices, which are normally about 25-30% lower. Some of this benefit is, however, offset by carry-over costs incurred by Canadian firms in getting their products to the U. S. market.The playing case is levelled for U. S. processors that export their products (to Canada). Refined sugar at the world price is functional to U. S. industrial sugar users under the U. S. Sugar Re-Export Program. Canada and the U. S. had a difference of get a line over the validity of the application of this computer program to Canada because of conditions that were negotiated under the NAFT A. However, an agreement (effective October 1, 1997) was reached which took into account Canadas concerns about the substantial U. S. reductions in market access for sugar and sugar-containing products when the U.S. enforced its WTO commitments in 1995. In return, Canada agreed not to pursue NAFTA dispute colonisation procedures with respect to the U. S. Sugar Re-Export Program, but entrust monitor the use of the program in Canada for changes that may have an impact on Canadian interests. For confectioners making chocolate, some other important competitiveness issue is the price of dairy ingredients. Canadian dairy prices are considerably higher than those in most other developed countries. Until recently, this situation put milk-chocolate producers at a cost loss relative to imports.Competitive dairy prices have now been negotiated with the Canadian dairy farm Commission for confectionery products destined for both domestic and export markets. It is hoped that this opening n ight will encourage investment in the construction of new facilities in Canada for manufacturing milk-chocolate ingredients such as chocolate crumb, which are now predominantly imported. Managing costs and other factors related to competitiveness, as well as pickings advantage of export opportunities, are often easier for larger companies than for littler ones.Larger firms are more adept at purchasing commodity ingredients and can hand to dedicate personnel to monitoring markets from which they purchase in large volumes. For small- and medium-sized confectionery companies, managing ingredient costs, competing with branded products and gaining access to high-caliber distribution channels are often the toughest hurdles to overcome. Access to a large number of retail locations is a key advantage of global firms. Their distribution networks can carry many related products to both central and outlying stores.Some high-quality chocolate and novelty products are sold, primarily, at a few special times during the year. Managing production, regular employees, inventory, marketing and cash flow (on a yearly basis) can then be particularly challenging, especially for smaller firms. Finally, participating in the export market is often a more difficult option for smaller firms, which face high entrance costs associated with advertising to establish brands, determination brokers and distributors and dealing with the risks involved in selling a product under special credit arrangements.Regulations There are two major issues that have been raised by the confectionery industry as concerns. One, which affects the relative cost of confectionery and other snacks, relates to the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST). This tax applies to all single-serving snack products sold at retail. However, for multi-serving packages, the GST applies to confectionery products but not competing snack foods akin cookies and donuts. This continues to be a serious concern of confectionery man ufacturers.The confectionery and snack market is highly competitive and the industry contends that even small price differences make or break the consumers choice. The equitable enforcement of Canadian labelling requirements on products that fall under the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act and Food and Drugs Act is another issue of concern to confectionery manufacturers. The industry continues to view the problem of mislabelled imports as a threat to its overall competitiveness because firms that do not approve do not incur substantial labelling costs. Technology and innovationAs with most segments of the food and beverage processing sector, technology is an issue that is highly important to confectionery manufacturers. Most firms are well informed of international developments in processing equipment through industry journals or attendance at trade shows. The vast majority of new technology is available off the shelf, usually from machinery manufacturers in Germany and the U. S . Proprietary process improvements, new product formulations and ingredient improvements occur regularly, especially within larger multinationals.These advancements are often shared with Canadian subsidiaries. The manufacture of confectionery products can be highly technical, requiring gigantic understanding of food technology, including hardware (processing machinery and computers), software and formulation technology. Technical know-how is unavoidable to integrate these elements in an effective production system that is efficient and results in a high-quality, innovative product. Artificial sweeteners and inherent flavouring systems are field in which technology advances at a rapid pace.Sugar-free confectionery is one of the fastest-growing market categories. Although still most popular in chewing gum products and mints, the trend is also growing somewhat toward sugar-free hard candies, as well as sugar- and fat-reduced chocolate products. Sugar-free gum now has a majority sha re of the chewing gum market. Candies are more difficult to manufacture in sugar-free form because sugar itself is the primary bulking ingredient. Chocolate products, which have both sugar and fat as main ingredients, are also difficult to manufacture in reduced-sugar or reduced-fat form without sacrificing quality and taste. bran-new ingredients are key drivers in the innovation of sugar-free and fat-reduced confectionery formulations. While regulatory approvals for new ingredients can take time to obtain, many ingredients, particularly those for use in the manufacture of sugar-free candies, have been approved and are currently in use. Examples include low-calorie bulking agents, polyol sweeteners and high-intensity sweeteners. Investments We do not have a subject on Investments, our apologies. Employment We do not have a subject on Employment, our apologies. Capturing New Markets Opportunities in the domestic marketThe real value of the Canadian market for confectionery products r ose approximately 24% between 1992 and 1997. In 1997, the average Canadian spent about $60 on confectionery items, purchasing about 10. 3 kg of products (6. 7 kg of chocolate, 2. 9 kg of candy and . 68 kg of other confectionery products, such as chewing gum). The chocolate category has shown the immobileest performance in that period, growing from $1. 1 billion in 1993 to $1. 4 billion in 1997. The chocolate category is by far the largest category, over three times larger than the present moment largest category, sugar confectionery and nearly four times larger than the gum category.Consumer preferences are changing. Children nowadays have more disposable income. They like commissioned products and interactive toys that are sold together with confectionery. Consumers are more hedonic and are willing to pay more. Baby boomers in particular penury quality over quantity. Opportunities in international markets There are opportunities for firms to gain market share in response to ch anging consumer demands. The U. S. market continues to present opportunities for the confectionery industry. In 1997, U. S. per-capita usance of confectionery products reached 12. kg, representing a . 8% increase over the previous year. A tariff-free environment and lower sugar costs help Canadian products compete in the U. S. market, particularly in the large urban markets close to the Canada-U. S. border, where distance and resulting transportation costs are less of a factor. Opportunities also still exist in the mature western European market for confectionery products, where gum is the fastest growing category. In 1998, the market for confectionery products in Asia-Pacific declined from $16. 5 billion in 1996 to $12. 9 billion in 1998.Japan and Australia are currently the two biggest markets, but the highest growth potential is expect in chinaware. Medium-term growth in the Asian region is expected to be about 5-8% a year. Double-digit growth is expected in Indonesia, South K orea, Thailand, Taiwan and mainland china. Although massive in population and geographical size, the Asia-Pacific region has the smallest confectionery market of the worlds three major regions. To succeed in the Asian marketplace, manufacturers may have to adapt their products to taste preferences and other consumer demands.For example, natural colours and flavours in hard and soft candies are popular with Asian consumers. Market growth has been stilted by the prevailing negative economic conditions in the Pacific Rim, especially the recessed economies of South Korea, Japan, Singapore and Indonesia. There were, however, two success stories in Asia-Pacific confectionery between 1994-1998. Both China and Vietnam experienced double digit growth. Chinas overall confectionery market grew from roughly $1. 7 billion to nearly $3. 0 billion from 1994 to 1998.The Chinese market, because of its upright size, is becoming an increasingly important opportunity for westward confectionery prod ucts. Although per-capita consumption is still considerably lower than in Western countries, imports of confectionery products to China have increased dramatically in recent years, in congress to the growing disposable incomes and a general attraction to products that reflect Western culture. There is good potential for high-quality products. Brand image is important and there are opportunities for the establishment of new brands.Currently, retail distribution in China is inefficient because of a poorly developed system of roads, rail, telecommunications and refrigeration. Recently, however, there have been moves to allow commercial distributors (which have economies of scale and various subsidies), to compete with enjoin operations. The distribution sector is thus starting to become more market-oriented and efficient. Manufacturers and importers are working together to set up their own networks, whereby they appoint a certain company to act as their sole distributor in a particul ar region.Exporters can penetrate the Chinese market by setting up a local office or by using the services of an agent in Hong Kong for advice on product positioning, navigating through the regulatory environment and bureaucracy, and avoiding misunderstandings due to cultural differences. Another important market in the region is Vietnam, whose overall confectionery market grew from $28 million in 1994 to $53 million in 1998. Consumption growth rates have been high especially in the chocolate category.Rising incomes and increased trade prospects under a potentially spread out NAFTA make Latin America another attractive market for confectionery products. There are notable growth opportunities in the Brazilian market for chocolate, the Chilean market for sugar confectionery and the Colombian market for chewing gum. Geographically, Brazil is the terce largest country in the Americas, after Canada and the U. S. , and has the second largest population (160 million). Recent imperative trends for business include economic stability, reduced inflation, privatization and freer trade.As the Brazilian prudence moves forward, consumer demand for value-added products, including confectionery, is growing. The Brazilian chocolate products market is the largest and most dynamic in Latin America, and the sixth largest in the world, worth more than U. S. $4. 7 billion in 1998. The overall value of the Brazilian market is second only to the U. S. in North and South America. Challenges There are a number of challenges facing the confectionery industry in Canada if it is to continue growing, enhancing its competitiveness and taking advantage of new market opportunities.Multinational enterprises are expected to continue to have an increasingly important role. These firms establish a benchmark or standard against which smaller firms measure their success, both in relation to their ability to reduce costs and meet changing market requirements. Multinationals operating in Canada w ill have the challenge of maintaining or expanding their product mandates (mostly North American) within their corporate structures and seeking new export opportunities. Like all food processors, this industry is assessing how to deal with the emergence of E-commerce.The confectionery industry will have to determine if it can effectively use this medium to increase efficiencies through business-to-business solutions and the development of web-based marketing strategies. For small- and medium-sized enterprises, the challenge will be to exploit opportunities, particularly in areas where multinationals are not competitive and where flexibility and sensitivity to regional tastes may be important factors. Access to investment and the capital needed for technology and product development, as well as the ability to enter into strategic alliances (e. . , with other confectioners or distributors) in developing export markets will also be a challenge for these firms. More general challenges f or the confectionery industry include * developing a regulatory framework consistent with globalization (e. g. , working with government to address the issue of enforcing Canadian labelling requirements as on domestic and imported products, and harmonizing standards with Canadas major trading partners) and * enhancing competitiveness through * supply chain management (e. g. working with government and the dairy industry to ensure that the Special Milk Class Permit System for confectionery manufacturers keeps dairy input prices competitive) * fostering new product innovation (e. g. , sugar-free, low-fat and natural-flavouring technologies) and * enhancing technical, export and marketing skills. fabrication Association Confectionery Manufacturers Association of Canada 885 Don mill about Road, Suite 301 Don Mills, Ontario M3C 1V9 Tel 416-510-8034 Fax 416-510-8044 E-mail email&160protected ca floriculture and Agri-Food Canada Contact Bill Goodman Food BureauAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada 930 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C5 hollo 613-759-7548 Facsimile 613-759-7480 E-mail bill. email&160protected gc. ca The Canadian Confectionery Industry SIC 1082/83, 1988-96 The Canadian Confectionery Industry http//www4. agr. gc. ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher. do? id=1171977485451&lang=eng Sample 2 http//www. canada. com/vancouversun/news/business/story. html? id=5f3e5232-fcad-4e6b-8c7f-1d62cb5dadd1 Chocolate market goes high-end OTTAWA Last year, Gatineau chocolatier Gaetan Tessier off 250 kilogramgrams of raw, pure chocolate into delectable, high-end Easter treats. promenade 21, 2008Be the first to post a comment OTTAWA Last year, Gatineau chocolatier Gaetan Tessier turned 250 kilograms of raw, pure chocolate into delectable, high-end Easter treats. This year, he figures hell be vent through about three times that amount of chocolate, so strong is demand. Im afraid of running out, he says. Chocolate has for decades been associated with Easter. and Easter cho colate is not just about creme-filled eggs and moulded bunnies anymore. hope chocolate confections aimed at adults represent a growing, and lucrative, market.The chocolate Easter bunnies are all still there (at least until their ears get nibbled off on Sunday), but all about the world, companies have realized theres money to be made selling chocolate to adults year-round. Earlier this month, for example, international chocolate giant Nestle announced it was investing $20 million in a research centre in Switzerland that will develop new products to meet anticipated growth in demand for lavishness and premium confections. Nestle state the $3. 7-billion market for luxury chocolate expanded by eight per cent annually between 2004 and 2006.The company added that it valued the potential premium chocolate market at about $14 billion and that it expects markets for luxury and premium chocolate to increase by more than 10 per cent in the next new years. Premium chocolate continues to gro w, verbalize Joan Steuer, the U. S. -based founder of founded Chocolate Marketing, LLC, a consulting firm specializing in the chocolate industry. Steuer says there are two sides to the growth. On the one hand, theres the chocolate confections themselves fancy artisan chocolates such as those produced by Tessiers company, ChocoMotive.And then theres theres packaging. Steuer says shes seeing chocolate confections being sold in exquisite packages that push the gasbag on pricing. Steuer says the Easter holiday offers one example of how the chocolate market is becoming more adult-oriented. Ive seen a lot of really corking premium packaging that seems to be adult-oriented for Easter, she said. But the fancy packaging is nonobligatory people are more likely to buy it if the chocolate is a gift. A large part of the adult chocolate market is aimed at people who just want to indulge. Its an accessible luxury item, said Steuer, adding that chocolate is also a comfort food. And targeting adults with some of these confections is really about the time out, escape, and reward for me market, she said. Tessier, a well-established chef and teacher based in Buckingham, Que. , said hed been hearing for years that the Ottawa-Gatineau high-end chocolate market was under-served. His sea captain intention was to create chocolate confections for bakeries, restaurants, hotels and pastry shops, but he pass judgment he should have a retail outlet as well.He opened a first retail counter in Montebello, Que. , and demand led him to open a second counter in Gatineau decease year. Now, he says, clients are urging him to set up shop in Ottawa, too. Tessier says hes surprised not only by the demand, but also by how interested consumers are in the product. ChocoMotive uses fair trade chocolate from the La Siembra co-op. When he started out, Tessier said he thought fair trade chocolate would be a fad. Instead, its become such a hit that he stopped using regular chocolate. He said consu mers are looking for high-end fair trade and organic products.From a macro point of view, there are some clouds on the horizon for chocolate, as there are for many agricultural commodities. All around the world, agricultural commodity prices are going up. Thats because of increasing global demand for food (people in newly industrializing countries are richer and are therefore eating better) and because more and more cropland is being used to grow biofuels instead of food. Cocoa prices, for example, have risen by 34 per cent in the last year. So have prices for such things as sugar and of course oil, which is used in transportation.Tessier says that so far, rising commodity price have not affected him greatly. He gets 100 pralines out of a kilo of chocolate, so even if the kilo costs more, the increase is spread broadly. Still, he says, not everyone is willing to pay premium prices for chocolate confections. He says he still has to explain why his treats cost so much more than, say , a moulded milk chocolate SpongeBob SquarePants at the local drug store. Tessier figures about half of his customers are regulars, coming back month after month for a chocolate fix. People come into the shop and they become like children, said Tessier, adding that hes had people ask What can I get for $10? in the same way a nestling in a candy store might ask What can I get for 50 cents? Canwest News Service (c) CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. http//companycheck. co. uk/company/00650747 Godiva entropy Employee 2200 https//www. sochoklat. com/difference. asp http//www. oppapers. com/essays/Case-Study-Roger-s-Chocolates/373894? read_essay http//www. allfreeessays. com/essays/Rogers-Chocolate-Case-Study/218642. html