An Analysis of Moral in Who Moved My Cheese

Who Moved My cheese? By Spencer put-onson, M. D. A Review and turn up By David Cox, Instructional Technology Facilitator Tioga Junior amply School and Tioga High School At a time when Rapides Parish schools are once once again facing huge financial deficits with resultant changes at almost any level, instructors must bring off with mostly unwanted changes. Being a cardinal year classroom veteran, I have had to change as s vigorous in many slipway. In my internal search for ways to deal with change, I have recently read a disc which has minded(p) me or so sensitive ways to think or so change.I consent that this review might lead you to this book and help you to see how changes, level off when first seen as negative and hurtful, are not necessarily a bad thing. Dr. Spencer Johnson has written a book which gives me some real ways to think about and deal with change. This sm all book, Who Moved My Cheese, is a prodigal and easy read but genius which can enlighten le vel off a cynical person to some ways to adapt to the needful changes of animation in its many shifting forms and challenges. Like Chaucers The Canterbury Tales, the business relationship is told as a story within a story of some(prenominal) old friends at a high school reunion told by one of the friends.The story centers around four characters who live in a Maze and the changes with which they must wrangle. The characters are two mice, Sniff and Scurry, and two alleged(prenominal) Littlepeople (creatures the size of mice but who look and act like people today) named sew together and Haw. The plot is pretty simple. The four characters denudation a large squirrel away of cheese and can live their lives without much variation get up, go to the cheese, eat, go home, and start over the next day. This works out all right until one day the cheese is gone. Then the characters must deal with the novel situation.The mice, taken aback at first, are first to take natural action since they are creatures of almost entirely instinct they set out facial expression for more cheese. On the other hand, stitch and Haw, creatures of reason and emotion, go through a series of reactions from shock to anger to knee-jerking and then to divergence. Hem waistcloth at the now empty cheese station, sulking, complaining, thinking negatively and make even himself more miserable while Haw overcomes his fears and sets out to find new cheese. Filled with metaphor as direct as John Bunyans book Pilgrims Progress, this book then shows Haw rethinking, ad stilling, and lamentable on with his life.He sets out to find his New Cheese, overcoming his fears and his sense of having been cheated. on his journey, Haw writes messages of his inner discoveries on the Maze wall, hoping Hem will personify and read the writing on the wall and be comforted by Haws inner revelations. His revelations are never dramatic but always true and appropriate for his situationand ours by extension. The out come of the book for Haw is doubtful due to Haws many fears and doubts about himself on his journey. still by the end, the reader sees Haw succeed in ways that surprise both Haw and the reader.But what about Hem? Does he too succeed? That is where the story-within-a-story ends. And this is where this plot analysis ends. Who Moved My Cheese? begins with an introduction, sets up the story-within-a-story, tells the story of the Mice and LittleMen, and then ends with an analysis of parts of the story by the fictional high school reunion friends who tell parts of their life stories to one another since their graduation. Now, as in Chaucers day, this is effective although some critics and some readers want to fend for themselves intellectuallyand thats okay.Now, the reader of this phrase may ask, what does this have to do with Rapides Parish, teachers, and our mutual situations, and why is this review in a applied science newsletter? Simply put, we are all forever and a day in a stew of change, having to deal with umpteen million rapid-fire a lot confusing and disheartening failures in the classroom. Technology may be employ to enhance a teachers already good lessons just as the ideas in Who Moved My Cheese? can make dealings with changes in our lives a junior- regularise easier with more direction. The story depicts the Littlepeople attacking the equivalent problem with the like tools and failing each time.However, with just a little divergent thinking, Haw is able to break through from his old methods into new techniques and achieve his supreme goal. Each teacher can find his or her own New Cheese in the classroom using technology tools in the same way and more fully reach the ultimate goal of educating young people. Students grow, have fun and learn at the same time, and meet challenges in ways that please and surprise them as well as their teachers, all the while successfully achieving benchmarks like Haw succeeds at finding his New Cheese. In conclu sion, Rapides Parish schools are in for some changes it is true.But with the use of technology to assist us, we can still accomplish our one unchanging goal. Technology instructors and facilitators can guide us through all of the myriad twists and turns of software and hardware, giving us methods, information, advice, and even pre-written lessons which use technology in every subject area and at every grade level. The school district Web site at http//www. rapides. k12. la. us/region6tltc/tltc. htm shows a lot of what can be easily obtained by every teacher who wants to successfully adjust to the changes coming, and then both teachers and students can benefit.

Physical Health Is Wealth Essay

commodity health is an advantage. It is the actual jewel of life, the most precious ownership of man. If a man losses his health, the world losses all it charms for him. A replete(p) wealth of health earth-closet be found in a number of methods. It needs regular work bug out, solid fargon, good thoughts, and cleanliness. A lusty individual does not spend money on medicines and pay a visit to doctors. Just matching, an inactive person is another form of sinful of diseases. Sound mind in a sound body is a childhood saying. Healthy individuals clear work for lengthy hours without getting tired. They behind like all the pleasures of life, however un rock-loving individuals cannot. The world has no allurement for them. They be constantly worried due to their physical difficulties. Wealth has no importance for them.To keep worthy health no cash is needed. It can be accomplished only through our efforts and good health care. We can sustain good health only if we are aware of leg ion(predicate) factors which affect our health. There are certain things which are essential for care our figure of free from diseases. Healthy food comes first. We should hold only that food which has nutritious value. Some regularity in life is also distinguished for good health. We should get up prompt in the morning, go out for a walk, breathe in bright air to keep our lungs fresh and in good order, and take brisk walk, move arms part walking. Maintaining clean habits is also important in this regard.If we dont take bath on a regular basis, do not wear clean clothes, do not eat fresh food, we may aim physical difficulties in the long run. Hence regularities, good habits and cleanliness have salient value in maintaining good health. Balancing sleep and rest are also useful in this regard. Happiness is the best medicine of good health. So, we should keep calm by overcoming anger, greed, fear, envy and enmity. Life of a healthy man is his long lasting wealth. It makes him a ble to enjoy life to the full. Those who are wealthy may not always be healthy further the healthy people are always wealthy.

University project help

Exchange rates, transportation and slyness greets all need to be accounted for in the bid. These added lives claim cost control (in other controllable areas of the task) vital. Without tight cost control, the fellowship entrust not be able to compete with bids of domestic firms. 3. wherefore is cost estimation such an important component of barf home crap? talk over how it links together with the Work Breakdown social organisation and construe schedule? Cost estimation, if done correctly, enables a firm to determine if the pick up will be profitable, if the company laughingstock afford the roam and in general if the project is worth ursuing.It also provides the company with a cost range for bidding (in the case ofa customer-oriented project). With respect to Work Breakdown Structure and project schedule, cost estimation is important because it leads to budgeting of monetary and other resources (both clobber and human). These allocations must coordinate with the Work B reakdown Structure and project schedules nimble by management to figure out if the required resources will be available as needed. 4. Imagine you were developing a software box for your companys intranet. bewilder xamples of the various types of costs (labor, materials, equipment and facilities, subcontractors, etc. ) and how they would apply to your project. Potential costs of creating software package include costs of labor, materials, subcontractors, equipment and facilities and travel. Software engineers, developers, computer technicians, trainers (for end users) and technical writers would incur labor costs. Material costs whitethorn come from effect and creating installation CDs/ disks, additional mainframe hardware, memory or accessories, and any feeling and paper requirements for user manuals.Developers and contractors may require extra space or equipment. Subcontractors may be used to consult on design and implementation. Subcontractors may require costs associated w ith travel if the firm is not local. 5 Give reasons botn in tavor ot and against the use ot private measure charge as a cost estimate for a project activity. Using a in the flesh(predicate) term charge can create a more close assessment of time by including a reasonable amount of downtime in estimates of work time.By using the personal time charge, a company can be better compensate for its labor resources, s all time (productive or not) spent on a particular Job is a use of human/intellectual resources. However, from a customers perspective this charge may appear unwarranted. The personal time charge allows time for unproductive breaks. Customers will most likely be reluctant to pay for unproductive time resulting in payment disputes. 6. Think of an example of parametric estimating in your personal experience, such as the use of a cost multiplier base on a similar, past cost.Did parametric estimating work or not. Discuss the reasons why. This is a personal example question a nd should only be use to students with ome project experience. 7. Put yourself in the position ofa project customer. Would you accept the cost adjustments associated with learning curve effect or not? Under what flock would learning curve costs be appropriately budgeted into a project? As a customer, I would not accept fees when the repetitive work (that accounts for the learning curve) is a routine Job for the supplier.The reason for this is that I would be paying for learning effects that others would reap the benefit from. Also, learning effects associated with new employees would be unreasonable to include in project illing. On the other hand, if the repetitive work/learning curve effects were project or customer specific, then budgeting the costs into the project would be appropriate. 8. escort the common problems with project cost estimation and recall a project with which you have been involved. Which of these common problems did you encounter most often? Why?

Love is Greater than Hate (Tale of Two Cities)

In Charles fiend novel, A Tale of two Cities, he illustrates the constant battle between sleep together and loathe. This battle is n eer-ending, only in the novel, I believe that acknowledge won, and that bang is greater than hate. name it off is displayed as hunch over for family and friends, while hate is displayed as hate for the aristocrats and revenge. Lucie, a junior girl who never met her father, grows into a strong womilitary personnel and her slam for her family is evident. Her do it even saved her father from his despair. Miss Pross has fuck for Lucie, dearly called Ladybird, and cares for her and her little girl, little Lucie, with her life.However, there is overly hate. Madame Defarge hates the aristocrats, mostly the Evremondes, and forget go to either length to figure them suffer. Sydney cartonful hates e preciseone and hates life in general. Can recognise overpower these emotions will love prove it is greater? In the Tempter novel, it did. Lucie loves her father, from the day they first meet, it is obvious, and the sentiment is soon shared by her father. after living a life of detestation and despair for 18 long time, Lucie brings reinstate Manette love.The first glimpse we see of this love that will save sterilize Manette from himself is when hellion writes, His cold white whisker mingled with her radiant hair, which warmed and light up it as though it were the light of Freedom shining on him. (Dickens, pg. 50). later being with his daughter for awhile, her love freed him from his sufferings and brought him back to the piece of music he employ to be. The love that Lucie was able to spread him, gave him the strength he needed to reduce the plague that held him prisoner inside the Bastille for so long.But even hence, there were times when he relapsed into his old habits from prison. However, Lucie was the one who could bring him back from that despair and hatred with her love. As Miss Pross remarks, In silenc e they go walking up and down together, walking up and down together, until her love and company have brought him to himself. (Dickens, pg. 103). This unspoilt goes to prove how strong love is and how it is greater than hate. desexualise Manette went through with(predicate) a great ordeal of pain and suffering during his 18 years of imprisonment.He held a hatred for the Evremondes because they are the ones who put him in prison after he tried to condemn them for their unlawful actions towards the peasants. Doctor Manette writes in his letter, Them and their descendents, to the very last of their race, I Alexandre Manette, unhappy prisoner, do this very last darkness of the year 1767, in my unbearable agony, denounce to the times when all these things shall be answered for, I denounce them to Heaven and to earth. (Dickens, pg. 342).When he is recalled to life by his daughter Lucie, he forgets these troubles and is able to live a happy life. When Lucie falls in love with Charles Darnay, an Evremonde, Doctor Manettes old pain, hatred, and suffering arises. We see this illustrated when Dickens writes, In a very curious look at Darnay an look look, deepening into a frown of dislike and distrust, not even see-through with fear. (Dickens, pg. 86). However, in chapter 10 of Book 2 entitled, Two Promises, Charles Darnay admits to Doctor Manette that he loves his daughter, Lucie.To this, Doctor Manette exhibits that aforesaid(prenominal) dark look, that then turns to Darnay and says, If she should ever bear witness me that you are essential to her perfect happiness, I will give her to you. If there were Charles Darnay, if there were () any fancies, any reasons, any apprehensions, anything whatsoever, new or old, against the globekind she really loved the direct responsibility thereof not manufacturing on his head they should all be obliterated for her sake. She is everything to me much to me than suffering, more to me than wrong () (Dickens, pg.142). Even with the history of the Evremondes haunting him every time he looks at Darnay, he is willing to put it all aside for Lucie, because he loves her so strongly. This is an excellent example of how love trumps hate. As an example of the battle of love and hate, one could take Miss Pross as being the personification of love and Madame Defarge as being the personification of hate. Miss Pross has been serving Lucie since she was a young girl and has therefore fallen in love with the young woman.She will do anything for her and treats Lucie as if she were her own daughter. When Lucie has a little girl, Miss Pross cares for her the same way, with ample love and mildness. In one of the scenes in the novel, we are addicted a glimpse of the love Miss Pross has for Lucie. Dickens writes, Smoothing her rich hair with as much pride as she could possible have interpreted in her own hair if she had been the vainest and handsomest of women. (Dickens, pg. 104). Madame Defarge, on the other han d, shows no compassion to anyone.She hates all the aristocrats, but most of all, the Evremondes. This is for the same reason as Doctor Manette, because the peasants that were abused by the family were her family, and they died at the hands of the Evremondes. She has let this blind hatred lead her life and fuel her anger most of her life. We can see her hatred when she is statute mileting the coins in the cloth at the wine-shop, She tied a knot with flashing eyes, as if it throttled a foe () as if it were another opposite strangled. (Dickens, pg. 185, 186).On the day of Charles Darnays execution, Madame Defarge goes to find Lucie, Doctor Manette and little Lucie to condemn them to closing also. Instead, she finds only Miss Pross. Thus begins the largest battle of love and hate in the novel. Madame Defarge is determined, and armed, but Miss Pross is filled with the strength of love and loyalty. As they fight, Dickens describes Miss Pross strength by writing, Miss Pross, with the v igorous tenacity of love, invariably so much stronger than hate () held her round the waist, and clung to her with more than the hold of a drowning woman. (Dickens, pg. 379).After they struggle for a while, Madame Defarge tries to pull her gun out, but it works against her and curtly Miss Pross is struggling with a dead body. Love has triumphed over hate in the truest sense as hate dies and love lives on. Sydney Cartons character is introduced as a brilliant man who is bitter and depressed. He tells Darnay the first time they meet, I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me. (Dickens, pg. 90).He also admits to himself in that same passage that he hates Darnay, because he has all that Carton will never have, he is the man Carton will never be. Later on in the book, Carton tells Lucie that he loves her, but is glad that she will never love him, and then he says, If my career were of that better kind and there were an opportunity or capacity of cede in it, I would embrace any sacrifice for you and those dear to you () think now and then that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you (Dickens, pg.159).This shows that even though Carton has hate for life, he may still show love, but yet none of the two emotions has surpassed the other, until he fulfils his promise to Lucie. When Darnay is sentenced to death by guillotine, Carton sneaks in and takes his place. He sacrifices his life to give Lucie back her husband, to give her back the man that Carton never liked, even hated. The power of love surpassed that of the emotions of hate that Carton has towards Darnay, his love for a woman who will never love him back led his actions.Even at the guillotine, we see the power of love overcoming hate as Carton helps a young seamstress pound her fears of dying and gave her love before she died. This love was returned to Carton and gave him strength when he went up to die. His face when he died was, The peacefullest mans face ever beheld there. (Dickens, pg. 385). This further demonstrates that love can, and will always, be greater than hate. Love is by far greater than hate. Love can save, love can heal, and love can grow.Hate is destructive, and thats its weakness, it has no grasp on people when love is present because love can rebuild all that hate has mangled down. In Dickens novel, he gives plenty of proof to show just how powerful love is, and that even if, like Carton, we feel there is no love present, there is, and eventually we will see it. In his novel, we also see that even if hatred has claimed a person for so long, much(prenominal) as Doctor Manette, they can be saved with love.

Field study 3 Answer Essay

Name of Center ObservedDate of reflectionName of ObserverCourse/Year/School1. Print ResourcesBooksMagazinesNewspapersIn depth information in a topic.Good sources of information.Present the important facts or hi-lights of an event.Exercise professional judgement in deciding whether to ensure all the materials in the textbook or not. Adapt or tack any part of a textbook found inappropriate to the require of the students and use other supplementary learning and resources to support students learning.2. Audio ResourcesMP3 participantCompact DiscImprove listening SkillsEasy to operate digest be used for big or small groups memorizeers can be used in speech rehearsals, drama, musical presentation etc. 3. Non-electronic ocular ResourcesBulletin BoardMock UpsIt is highly versatileIntended to attest the essential parts which argon made detachable. The instructor uses it to present a preview of the lesson to be presented as a way of motivating the students. The teacher must use it for focusing observations on the desired part to be studied as well as the function relationships of the parts.4. ICT ResourcesComputersMultimedia resources (Audio-visual didactics aids, web-based material, computer software packages, online platforms etc.) FlexibilityAdaptabilityMulti-sensory experiencePossibility of interactivityConnectednessTeacher may select materials that present different sides of controversial issues to help students to work up their critical thinking and to make informed judgement in their free-and-easy lives. ImpressionSince the school is under construction most of the facilities are not present, even the Learning Resources. The teachers were the one who provides the learning materials she/he needs to teach her/his students like the audio resources and ICT Resources. It would be better for the teachers if all the learning resources are present in their school.Name and tactile sensation of ObserverName and Signature of the Learning Resources Center In-Charg e

A Critical Evaluation of the Engagement and Psychosocial Asessment of a Client Living with Psychosis in the Health and Social Care Practitioners Work Setting.

INTRODUCTION This assignment is a critical evaluation of the mesh topology and psycho neighborly discernment of a client lifespan with psychosis in the community. It provides a critical and analytical account which encapsulates minds, psycho education, problem solving, implementation and evaluation of strategies use. I willing overly use Gibbs (1988) model of reflection to reflect on my sagacity process and how learning can be taken for shelter in terms of my own practice training and that of the service aspect.My client l shall call Emily a pseudo name used to maintain confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) 2002 Code of Professional Conduct that outlines guidelines of confidentiality. Emily was initially on the acute ward where l started the process of engagement with her out front she was discharged under our team in the community to facilitate other(a) discharge. Emily was suitable for psycho companionable based interventions ( poun ds per square inch) and this was identified as part of her care send off in articulate to provide support in adapting to the demands of community sustainment and managing her illness.PSI should be an indispensable part of treatment and options of treatment should be make available for clients and their families in an effort to promote reco very. Those with the best depict of effectiveness are cognitive behavioral Therapy (CBT) and family intervention. They should be used to restrain relapse, to thin symptoms, increase insight and promote adherence to medication, ( tight-laced 2005). Emily is 33 year old woman with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. She was referred to my team to facilitate earlier discharge from the ward as part of her discharge.She lives in supported ho development and had had several hospital admissions and around under the mental wellness act. Emily was organism maintained in the community on medication solely it was matte that there was still an amount o f injury in her life and that her accessible functioning was suffering as a result. Emily presented with both delusional and unreal symptoms and as part of her treatment cognitive approaches were considered to help alleviate the di melodic phrase and modify the symptoms. Emily was brought up in a soaringly dysfunctional family.both her parents had problems with drugs and the law. Emily had been introduced to drugs at an early age save due to her illness she had stop using them at the age of 30 when she went into supported accommodation. There was family account of schizophrenia as her grandad had it and he had killed himself. Emily identified that her problems started in 2007 when her grandfather passed a fashion as she was close to him and had lived most of her life with her grandparents. I holy a m line to look back at art object she talked about her life history (see vermiform appendix 1).It is vital that the client is allowed to key their story with the minimum interv ention from the practitioner and the timeline can be used to examine if there are approximately(prenominal) links to their relapses and psycho episodes (Grant et al 2004). In the community setting we catch a variety of patients with various diagnosis of mental health problems. The rationale for choosing this patient is that she had had various interventions frequently(prenominal) as medication changes and a lot of experience with the mental health professionals including compulsory treatment under the mental health act (1983). totally these factors are likely to welcome an impact on the individuals degree of willingness to engage in psychological interventions (Nathan et al, 2003). Hence initially it was a challenge to engage Emily and establish a relationship and build resonance. (Nelson 1997) states rapport is built by learning arouse and concern and be especially careful non to express any doubts about what the patient tells you. The bankruptment of a therapeutic re lationship is critically important in move with persons with schizophrenia, which maybe difficult with patients struggling with mistrust, suspicion and denial (Mhyr, 2004).Rapport took some time to develop and was established by core conditions of genuineness, respect and faultless empathy (Bradshaw 1995). I met with Emily to set the agenda and explained to her that she was free to terminate the session anytime should she thumb it necessary. It was likewise vital to ensure that the sessions were neither confrontational and totally pliant with Emilys view of the world ( Kingdom & Turkington, 1995) I encouraged Emily to name her current problems and to give a detailed description of the problems and concentrate on a more recent problem. l was directive, active, riendly and used constructive feedback, containment of smell outings to develop the relationship(Tarrier et al,1998). l used her interest in Christianity to engage her and because l showed an interest this became a regul ar point of conversation and strengthened the connection. I also demonstrated some flexibility in response to Emilys inevitably and requirements at different stages of the treatment and intervention. It is not possible to maintain a sound collaborative therapeutic relationship without constant attention to the ever-changing situation and requirements of a patient (Gamble and Brennan, 2006).Since the development of anti insane medication and restraint of biomedical models during the 1950s mental health care has changed and evolved. The dependency on the sole use of medication was order to have left patients with rest period symptoms and companionable disability, including difficulty with inter personalized skills and limitation with coping (Sanford&Gournay, 1986). This prompted the return of PSI to be used in conjunction with medication management.The aim was to slew residual disability and to include in the treatment process affectionate skills and training rehabilitation (Wy kes et al, 1998). As part of my sagacity process l carried out a comprehensive assessment using CPA 1, 2, and 4 in conjunction with the Trust Policy. This was to establish what her problems were and formulate a lightheaded intend. A process of structured, comprehensive assessment can be very useful in developing an in-depth understanding of issues surrounding resistance to service (Grant et al 2004).I carried out a Case Formulation (CS) using the 5Ws What? , Where? , When? , With Whom and wherefore, and Frequency, Intensity, Duration and Onset ( FIDO) model to explore and get a detailed ex platformation of the problem and explore the Five aspects of your life experiences (Greenberger and Padesky 1995) (see Appendix 3). CS maps out the relationship on how the environment impacts on your thoughts, emotion, behaviour, tangible reactions (Greenberger and Padesky,1995).While the assessment helped to form a picture of Emilys suitability for PSI it also provided a scope for further r un away on her coping skills. Given the assumption that a person may feel reluctant to give a particular way of coping as this maybe the only means of control (Gamble & Brennan, 2006), the exploration was collaborative. From the assessment and example formulation Emilys goal was to go out more and sicken the frequency and intensity of her voices or even have them disappear. l explained to Emily that we had to be realistic about her set goals and having voices disappear was unlikely.Kingdom (2002) states that though patients hold to make voices disappear are unlikely since voices are, as far as reasonably established, attributions of thoughts as if they were external perceptions. Goals are positive, based in the next and specific (Morrison et al 2004) and the golden rule in goal setting is to be SMART, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time Limited. Emily then rephrased her goal statement to that she precious to reduce the intensity of her voices in the next few we eks by using distraction techniques that she had not tried before.I used the KGVM Symptom scurf version 7. 0 (Krawieka, Goldberg and Vaughn,1977) to assess Emilys symptoms which focuses on six areas including anxiety, effect, suicidal thoughts and behaviour, elevated mood, hallucinations and delusions. A KGV assessment provides a global measure of roughhewn psychiatric symptoms (feelings and thoughts) experienced with psychosis. The frame prevail ensures that important questions are asked and a consonant measure of symptoms is provided. The KGV is a valid tool with a considered level of high reliability (Gamble and Brennan, 2006).Assessment is a process that elicits the presence of disease or exposure and a level of severity in symptoms (Birchwood & Tarrier, 1996). This gathering of randomness provides the bases to develop a plan of suitability of treatment, identifies problems and strengths and agree upon priorities and goals (Gamble & Brennan,2006). l also used the Social F unctioning Scale (SFS appendix 6) (Birchwood et al,1990) which examined Emilys social capability and highlighted any areas of concern.Emily was a loner and though living in supported accommodation she was hardly askd with the other residents or join in with community activities. She uttered that she was afraid pile could hear her voices and were judging her at all time and used avoidance as a coping strategy. On using the KGV assessment and from the results (see Appendix 2) Emily scored highly in four sections hallucinations, delusions, depression and anxiety. It appeared during assessment that her affective symptoms were econdary to her delusions and hallucinations, which were initiated and exacerbated by mostly disagreeable events in her life. Her hallucinations were noted to be evident at certain times and were followed by sleep want. Emily expressed fleeting suicidal thoughts but denied having any plans or intentions. She also experienced sporadic moments of elation which appeared to be joined to stress. It was important for Emily to understand how life events had an impact on her difficulties and the use of the tune Vulnerability Model SVM (Zubin and Spring 1977) demonstrated this (see Appendix 4).Practical measures arising from an assessment of stress and vulnerability factors seek to reduce individual vulnerability, decrease surplus life stressors and increase personal resistance to the effects of stress. One of Emilys highlighted problems was a lack of sleep and this could be linked to the stress vulnerability and her psychotic symptoms. Normalisation was used to illustrate this to Emily. Her increase in psychotic symptoms could then be normalised through discussing about the effects of sleep deprivation on her mental state and reduction of the associated anxiety.Emily was able to recognise how stress impacted on her psychosis. Emily identified the voices as a problem from the initial assessment. She was keen to talk about them but listened to suggestions l made to play the voices. The assumption of continuity between normality and psychosis has important clinical implications. It opens the way for a group of therapeutic techniques that focus on reducing the fault and anxiety often associated with the experience of psychotic symptoms and with diagnostic labelling.Kingdom and Turkington(2002) have described such approaches as normalising strategies, which involve explaining and demystifying the psychotic experience. They may involve suggesting to patients that their experiences are not strange and no one can understand, but are common to many people and even found amongst people who are relatively normal and healthy. Normalising strategies can help instil hope and decrease the stigma and anxiety which can be associated with the experience of psychotic symptoms.This rationale emphasises the biological vulnerability to stress of individuals with schizophrenia and the importance of identifying stresses and amend methods o f coping with stress in order to minimise disabilities associated with schizophrenia (Yusupuff & Tarrier, 1996). (Grant et al 2004). The problem l encountered when applying and using this model with Emily was that she realised and understood that she was not the only one experiencing voices but she precious to find out wherefore she experienced the voices.I used the belief about voices questionnaire (BAVQ-R appendix 5) which assesses vicious and benevolent beliefs about voices, and emotional and behavioural responses to voices such as engagement and resistance (Morrison et al 2004). We identified the common triggers of her voices such as anxiety, depression and social isolation. During my engagement with Emily l emphasized enhancing existing coping strategies (Birchwood& Tarrier, 1994) (Romme &Escher 2000). The imagination was to build on Emilys existing coping methods and introduce an alternative. We concur upon distraction as a coping strategy.The plan was for Emily to listen to medical specialty or carryout breathing exercises when the disturbing voices appear and to start interacting with them by relation them to go away rather than shout at them. Emily used this plan with good effect at most times as it appeared to reduce the psychological arousal and helped her gain maximum usage of these strategies in arbitrary the symptom (Tarrier et al, 1990). To tackle Emilys social functioning we identified activities that she enjoyed doing and she enjoyed discharge to church but had stopped due to her fears that people could hear her thoughts and found her weird.I suggested that she could start with small exposure, like sitting in the mill with her fellow residence and going on group outings in the hearth as these were people she felt comfortable with as she knew them. This would then hopefully lead to Emily change magnitude her social functioning and enable her to attend church. Emily expressed that she felt more in control of her voices REFLECTION My mold with Emily was made easy as she agreed to work with me although l did face some reluctance initially. As my intervention and engagement with Emily started while she was on the ward this made it easier for me to engage her in the community.We developed good rapport and she felt she could trust me, which made the process of engagement easier. Through my engagement and assessment process l improved on my questioning and listening skills. Emily was distinctly delusional at times and working with the voices present proved a challenge at times, but l realised that l had to work collaboratively with her and gain her trust and not question her beliefs. At times though l felt l was interrogating her and did not follow a data formatting and also because of the constraints on time l did not allow a good deal time to recap and reflect and could never properly agree the time of next merging.I also worked at her existing strengths and coping strategies that she had adapted throughout he r life and this empowered her and made her feel like she was contributing. At times though l felt we deviated from the set goals and l woolly-headed control of sessions. On reflection this is an area that l will get hold of to develop and improve on and be able to deviate but bring back the focus to the agreed plan. My interventions were aimed at Emilys voices and increasing her social functioning. This l discovered was my target areas and not necessarily Emilys. n in store(predicate) l will aim at concentrating more on what the client perceives as their major problem as this will show client involvement in their care. This will also help me have a clear and rational judgement and appreciate every advantage the client makes no matter how small. I did not focus much on Emilys family which l realised was a topic that she wanted to explore but l felt l was not fit out in exploring this part of her life in relation to her illness. The other difficulties l faced was because of my wo rking pattern l had to cancel some of our meeting appointments.As part of the set agenda l had to reintroduce myself and the plan and goals that we had set out in the initial stages and this constantly proved to bridgework the gap. It was also difficult for continuity in the team that l work in as one did not carry a personal caseload so delivering interventions was not always easy and there was not always continuity as some of my colleagues were not familiar with some applications of PSI. This highlighted as a service that there was a need for us as nurses in the team to have PSI training in order to continue with the work if the main practitioner was away and also as a team we hardly ever sed assessment tools and were therefore not confident and competent in their use. l also had difficulties in end assessment in time due to constricted time frames. l could not always spend as much time with Emily because l had other clients to see in a space of time. In future l will have to n egotiate my time and improve on my time management. In this assignment l had to carry out a critical evaluation of the engagement and psychosocial assessment of a client living with psychosis and carry out a critical self reflection on the assessment process and how this could be improved on.From my case larn l deduced that use of some applications of PSI remains highly experimental and requires capacious research and more theoretical models. Furthermore discussion is also deficient on the details as to ways in which symptoms improved or social functioning enhanced in behavioural terms in relation to social context. However the interventions used in this case study highlighted considerable strength in supporting claims that PSI can work and does help reduce symptoms of psychosis. REFERENCES Birchwood M and Tarrier N (eds) (1996) Psychological Management of Pschizophrenia.Wiley Publishers Bradshaw T (1995) Psychological interventions with psychotic symptoms a review. intellectual Health Nursing. 15(4) Birchwood, M, Smith, J, Cochrane, R, Wetton, S, Capestake, S (1990) The social functioning scale development and validation of a scale of social adjustment for use in family interventions programmes with schizophrenia patients, British Journal of Psychiatry,157, 853-859 Chadwick, P, Birchwood, M, Trower ,P (1996) Cognitive Therapy for Delusions, voices and paranoia, Wiley & Sons.Gamble,C, Brennan,G (2000) Working with serious mental illnessa manual for clinical practice. Grant, C, Mills, J, Mulhern, R, Short, N (2004) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Mental Health Care, wise pub. Greenberger,D, Padesky,C A(1995) Mind over mood A Cognitive Therapy Treatment manual of arms for clients. Guilford Press. Krawieka, M, Goldberg,D, Vughn,M (1977) A Standardised Psychiatric Assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 197755 299-308. Kingdom , D and Turkington,D (1994) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy of Schizophrenia.Hove Lawrenc e Erlbaum. Kingdom, D and Turkington (2002) The Case Study Guide to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy of Psychosis. Wiley. Mhyr, G(2004) Reasoning with Psychosis patients Why should a general psychiatrist care about Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Schizophrenia. Morrison,AP, Renton, JC, Dunn, H, Williams, S, Bentall, RP (2004) Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis, Brunner- Routledge. Nathan, P, Smith, L, Juniper, U, Kingsep, P, Lim, L (2003) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychotic Symptoms, A healer Manual, Centre for Clinical Interventions.Nelson H (1997) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Schizophrenia. A exert Manual. Stanley Thornes. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2003) Schizophrenia core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care, NICE publications. Nursing & Midwifery Council, Code of Professional Conduct (2002). Romme M and Escher A Eds (1993) Accepting Voices. MIND Publications Sanford T and Gournay K (1996) Perspec tives in Mental Health Nursing. Bailliere Tindall.Tarrier, N, Yusupoff, L, Kinney C, McCarthy E, Gledhill A, Haddock G and Morris J (1998) Randomised controlled trial of intensifier cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with chronic schizophrenia. British Medical Journal 317,303-307. Zubin, J, & Spring, B (1997) Vulnerability A new view on schizophrenia. Journal of subnormal Psychology, 86, Topic Students will carry out a critical evaluation of the engagement and psychosocial assessment of a client living with psychosis in the health and social care practitioners work setting. Word deliberate 2826

The Tain: Cuculain Hero?

Amber Borkowski Reading Literature Myths Cuchulainn A battler or a Killer? A mythic wizard is a story figure that embarks on a journey in crop to complete tasks that make them into legends of tales. Cuchulainn is a mythic molar in the Tain, a story of a war between the North and South of the terra firma in Ire soil. A hero is a term that can be a homonym with m some(prenominal) different meanings. A person can subscribe a police officer, their stimulate, or many other examples as a hero. Even with the broad spectrum of the word, all(prenominal) example does surround the feeling of cosmos protected by the person. I consider Cuchulainn to be a war-hero.Cuchulainn is a well-trained warrior that is able to perform stunts of throwing a javelin, st genius, still vieing with his fists, and many more than while leaving every opponent dead or overly terrified to fight him. But does being able to defeat every opponent make a character a hero or just a person to be feared? Cuchul ainn was raised and trained by the best of all the instructors to become a great warrior that would be remembered, and that is just what he did. When Cuchulainn was just a boy he left his mother and went off to join the boy troop where he would train and be protected by the troop.The war in the tale began at the mind where Medb and Aillil, the queen and king of Connacht, had an argument over who had the most possessions. The two were extend to until the point came where Aillil owned one great bull more than Medb. Medb was so enraged that she waged war to retrieve the equally great bull from Ulster. At this time, the Ulster army was in their pangs, unable to have the strength to fight. Cuchulainn protected the land from Medb and Aillils army, eat uping thousands of their soldiers.With Medb and Aillils army becoming weaker, Cuchulainn agreed to fight one great warrior a day. Every day the opponent would be defeated and this continued until the pangs lifted from Cuchulainns Ulsterma n army. Eventually, Medb and Aillil were defeated and there was slumber in the land among the people. During the tale of the Tain, there was a section nigh Cuchulainn going into a warp spasm and put to deathing men, children, and women the same. The first warp-spasm seized Cuchulainn, and do him into a monstrous thing, hideous and shapeless, unheard of.His shanks and his joints, every knuckle and burden and organ from head to foot, shook like a tree in the flood or reed in the stream. (Kinsella, p. 150) At this point Cuchulainn is alter into an un-human monster with essentially no emotion or thought other than destruction. In this great Carnage on Murtheimne Plain Cuchulainn slew one hundred and thirty kings, as well as an uncountable horde of dogs and horses, women and boys and children and crime syndicate of all kinds. (Kinsella, p. 156) To me this behavior seems more like a murderers actions than a heroes.Almost like a villain in a superhero pic that needs to be stopped b ecause of their unthinkable actions. Cuchulainn was definitely a hero for being able to protect Ulster while they were not able to fight. He was a hero to his people, but was extremely feared by the opponents. Cuchulainn would also be considered a hero because he does not necessarily want to kill all of the people he did. He was just obeying the orders that he was devoted and obeying his king. There came points in the story where Medb and Aillil had sent people close to Cuchulainn for him to battle.At these points in the story it is understood that Cuchulainn is not a senseless killer with any type of emotions, even though in those days the value of deportment was not very high. To fight these men or not was a terrible decision to have to make because Cuchulainn was aware of the amazing stunts he could perform against an opponent, leaving them dead. If a person is able to defeat every opponent that is placed in battle with them, does that make them a hero or just a person that is feared by all? To coiffure this question it really comes down to what side of the situation the person boastful the opinion is on.A relatable situation in history would be of Adolf Hitler. He was a dictator that was admired by the people who followed him. The loyalty of the people allowed him to kill thousands, but if he had the strengths of Cuchulainn, he could have done it alone. Similarly, he was feared by one group and considered a hero to the other side. There is not really an answer as to Cuchulainn being a hero or just a crazy mass murderer. The answer would have to perch in which side of the war you were on. Works Cited Kinsella, Thomas. (1969). The Tain. Great Clarendon Street, Oxford Oxford University Press.

Participation Early Education Essay

Participation in simple terms means to admit occasion in something (Hornby 1995 844). When referring to clawrens redresss, the concept is far broader. It is much much than simply asking clawren for their ideas or thoughts. It is about audience to, respecting and understanding sisterren, functional in partnership with them, giving small fryren the prospect to exerciseively make decisions that pull up stakes result in their ideas becoming reality and their contributions exploiting about positivistic change (Ministry of loving Development 2003).Childrens corporation is a secure not an optional extra (Participation Works 2012). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) throw outs a arights-based approach to tykeren and states that these rights begin at birth (Alderson 2008 83). some(prenominal) of the 54 articles encompass child connection. Articles 6, 7 and 8 refer to a childs right to action, to a recognise and to an identity (Unicef n. d). The right to a life, to be a part of society, to participate as a part of the human race make whole other rights accomplishable (Alderson 2008). Article 7 states that every child should prevail a unwrap and their name should be respected. Giving a child a name and an identity is recognising the child as a unique individual quite a than the property of a p bent or c argonr (Alderson 2008 79).One of the key articles that get up child participation is Article 12state parties shall assure to the child who is unfastened of forming his or her witness views the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being give due metric w eighter unit in accordance with season and maturity of the child (Alderson 2008 87).Article 12 is about giving children the right to express their views and having them comprehend. This means actively listening to children by allowing them to communicate their thoughts, tactile sensations or ideas a nd write out that they go out be taken on board and respected (Scott et al 2008 51). There argon some(prenominal) whom are critical of this article and are concerned that it may be interpreted in such a way as to make certain situations (Scott et al 2008 51). The article states that the views of the child give be given due weight in accordance with age and maturity (Alderson 2008 87). whatever feel this may mean that children under a certain age may not be taken seriously nor make believe their views heard (Scott et al 2008). Alderson believes that babies and very young children are able to express themselves in various ways and get great joy from making choices (2008 88).The UNCRC outlines childs rights which protect children and promote welfare (Alderson 2008 78). These rights illustrate how children and young hoi polloi jackpot actively participate and contribute to society (Alderson 2008 78).Adult Roles childhood has changed significantly and this is primarily due t o an alteration in societys view of children rather than the children themselves (Miller 2003 14).Children have become the main focus in many households with parents and carers feeling the need to provide for their children in such a way that results in children feeling powerless (Miller 2003 14). Adults may have a childhood ideal and attempt to enforce this onto their children. This may be an act of love but can do more harm than proficient (Miller 2003 14). Adults may make decisions on a childs behalf to additional them responsibility or by thinking the child is not capable of making those decisions. nonetheless this may result in a child feeling as if they have no control over their own life and may remain dependent rather than becoming footsure and independent (Miller 200314). Decisions that may appear to be insignificant to prominents such as what a child wears or what victuals they can eat, where they go to naturalise or who they are allowed to play with are all extreme ly meaning(a) and impact massively on the childs life (Miller 2003 15).It is presumed that children are inferior and that adults know better (Miller 2003 15). Adults may possess more life determine than children but that does not mean that they always know what is right for a child. How a child feels and what they feel is important to them at that indorsement coupled with adult swear is key to establishing a positive force that will benefit the child (Miller 2003 15).Failing to allow child participation can be viewed as control or power. Many adults will use and abuse this power to gain something for themselves (Miller 2003 15). Some adults may qualify or punish their children in a way that hurts or humiliates the child and will justify their actions as being essential in comp matchlessnt part their child develop into a responsible citizen (Miller 2003 15). In other cases children may be asked for their opinions or views lonesome(prenominal) to have them ridiculed or dismiss ed.Barriers to ParticipationInvolving children in decision making can be threatening or heavy for adults to achieve. This may be the case with parents/significant others, teachers or with anyone involved in working with children (Miller 2003 17). Many worry that giving a child a voice and empowering them will lead to family difficulties and dis fix uped classrooms (Alderson 2008 92). Others find it hard to promote participation amongst younger children without being tokenistic (Scott et al 2008 47). Some adults are of the opinion that child participation is dangerous and may put children at needless risk (Miller 2003 17).However if all risks are considered and it is accepted that the child can cope with the risks then the experience would prove beneficial to the child (Miller 2003 21). If a child is not allowed to take risks within a prophylactic and back up environment they may never experience risk at all (Miller 2003 21). Allowing children to assess and take risks empowers th em and enables them to gain first hand life experience (Scott et al 2008 49). Handing over bump off responsibility and power to a child would not be viable as they would not have the needed life skills to deal with such an ask (Miller 2003 21). It is essential to provide support and guidance as well as set boundaries for children in order to protect and nurture whilst empowering (Scott et al 2008 51).It appears there is an unwillingness to allow children the opportunity to actively participate and this is portrayed well in Professor Roger harts Ladder of Participation. Harts ladder was devised as a tool for understanding and portraying different directs of participation. There are eight levels in total on the ladder with each step describing the level of child participation and the adult intervention (Scott et al 2008 49). The first terzetto steps are manipulation, decoration and tokenism (Scott et al 2008 49). These refer mostly to adult led activities where children are used or are given a voice but are given very little choice or opportunity for input (Scott et al 2008 49).As the steps march on the level of adult intervention diminishes and child participation increases. Level 6 is adult initiated and refers to a working partnership between children and adults (Scott et al 2008 49). Although the natural process was initiated by the adult, the children play a part in decision making. The last-place step is level 8 which is child initiated (Scott et al 2008 50). This is the step that allows children complete and total participation. They have initiated the project and have actively taken part in the decision making. They have chosen a project or activity that is relevant for them and one in which they feel they will obtain about change (Miller 2003 16 ). The adults take a back so-and-so but are there to fully support and guide the children when obligatory (Scott et al 2008 50).Promoting ParticipationChild participation should be voluntary the child should have the right to decide whether or not they want to take part (Miller 2003 18). In order for children to make that decision they have to be informed about the decision making process and how it works (Miller 2003 18). This will ensure they understand their own role as well as the roles of others (Miller 2003 18). It is important for adults to recognise opportunities for child participation and to find ways of load-bearing(a) active involvement (Miller 2003 21). Adults must consider a childs experience, skills and needs as well as the impact these may have on others.It is important to actively listen to children and to create a safe environment where children are able to express their views and feelings (Scott et al 2008 51). To promote comprehension it is bouncy to reach those children and young people who do not right away participate in decision making such as children with disabilities or children with socioeconomic issues (Miller 2003 19). Adults must identify restr aints and try to break these down. Providing an easily get-at-able environment that is adapted to suit the needs of the children may be one way or providing information and resources in a format that suits the child, i.e. transcribe or using sign actors line (Miller 2003 19). Information should also be displayed and communicated in a child friendly manner, free from jargon or hidden agenda (Unicef n.d).It is important to support and motivate children during active participation by keeping children informed and up to date (Unicef n.d). Letting children know how their efforts are impacting on a situation will keep them do and reassured that their voices are being heard and are making a difference (Unicef n.d).There are many benefits to child participation such as giving children a sense of citizenship they are using their voices to bring about change (Scott et al 2008 49). Some other benefits include increase self-esteem and confidence, a sense of being valued and respected, great er responsibility, gaining practical, language and presentation skills and inspiration and motivation (Scott et al 2008 49). This will in trance impact on the wider society by encouraging citizenship promote country and influence policy (Miller 2003 17).I feel child participation is vital in ensuring all children are listened to, valued and respected as individuals and as citizens of society. I aim to encourage participation in my workplace conniption by actively listening to the children and ensuring I am always usable to the children. I will respect the childrens feelings and views and actively acknowledge their feelings in a positive manner. I feel it is important to involve children in decision making and planning. When planning activities I will ensure they are child led and that the children have expressed their interest in the field of study or topic or have suggested an activity or topic.I will do this by having discussions with the children and asking open questions to ensure children have the opportunity to express their own opinions and thoughts. I believe the area in which children learn should be adapted to suit their needs and should allow for cellular inclusion for all. This may mean ensuring all equipment and resources are easily accessible and are clearly labelled. Children should play an active part in deciding on their snack and I will always encourage children to express their likes and dislikes. Discussing food and childrens opinions on food can empower children to make wakeless food choices for themselves. I will endeavour to act in a way which promotes the rights of every child to full participation whilst ensuring their protection and determinationIt is clear that childrens voices are being heard and that there are opportunities for children to participate in bringing about positive change for the future. However there are still many barriers and hurdles that prevent children from feeling as though they have a choice or that havin g a choice will actually make a difference. The main barrier may indeed be attitude and the consensus that children simply cant do what adults can do for them. I feel that children are in fact the teachers and adults can learn a great deal from them if they were only willing to listen.ReferencesAlderson P. (2008) boyish Childrens Rights Exploring Beliefs, Principles and Practice. (2nd edition) London Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Hornby A .S. (1995). Oxford Advanced learners Dictionary. Oxford Oxford University PressMiller J. (2003). Never Too Young How Young Children can Take Responsibility and Make Decisions. London Save the Children.Ministry of Social Development. (2003). Involving Children. New Zealand Ministry of Social Development.Participation Works Partnership. (2012). What is Participation? Online. Available from http//www.participationworks.org.uk/topics/rights/participation-rights Accessed 27 November 2012.Scott F et al. (2008). HNC Early Education & Childcare. Essex Pear son Education Ltd.Unicef. (n.d). Fact Sheet A summary of the rights under the convention on the rights of the child. Online. Available from http//www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf Accessed 27 November 2012.

Parenting in Diverse Cultures Essay

Culture may influence pincer activities and styles through the formation of the physical and social settings of every day look. Social as swell as cultural norms, set, and conventions butt joint direct and control the childs deportment through the progression of social military rank. Throughout childhood and preadolescence, imput equal to childrens particular need for peer assimilation and closeness, peer evaluation and social recognition in the peer group can caper a critical role in the mediation of cultural influences on individual functioning.Moreover, in the ripening of socialization, culturally shaped agnatic picture systems and p benting practices can mediate and restrained childrens acquisition of cultural mess eras. Finally, stiff training in bringing upal institutions such as the school constitutes another(prenominal) significant channel for the transmission of human experience and cultural determine from adults to children in modern societies. Culturall y divers(prenominal) children can take an apprehension concerning confidentiality as do American-born children. Also, this concept in fact runs counter to therapeutic attempts to enlist the parents as partners in their childrens treatment.Discretion with culturally various adolescents can be particularly challenging. Often, culturally divers(prenominal) families experience negate while children reach adolescence and instigate to identify mainly with the measures of their American peer tillage. On the contrary to the elongated American adolescence phase utilise to ongoing education and the phylogenesis of peer relationships, culturally diverse parents can pose experienced their own abbreviated adolescence cut short by the need to find employment, by early marriage, and/or by parenting.They do not recognize the push for independence among American adolescents. Culturally diverse adolescents can want to pursue the activities of American youth despite keen their parents wou ld condemn. Researchers are interested in parental ideologies concerning childrearing as they may bequeath useful information concerning the explanation of different parenting behaviors across cultures. Moreover, it is a pragmatic assumption that parental cognitions, ideas, and beliefs serve a mediating function in development of cultural influences on parental attitudes and behaviors toward the child (Goodnow, 1995).Indeed, it has been found that parents in diverse cultures have different expectations and goals regarding parenting and that socialization goal are linked with parental judgment and valuation of normal and abnormal child behaviors (Hess, Kashiwagi, Azuma, Price, & Dixon, 1980). In conventional Chinese cultures, for instance, filial piety is a Confucian doctrine dictating that children cursing obedience and reverence to parents.Chinese parents, in turn, are accountable for brass (i. e. , teaching, disciplining) their children, and are held responsible for their ch ildrens failures. While individualistic values are underlined in Western cultures, with children cosmos mingled to be independent and self-assertive (Hess et al. , 1980), Chinese children are socialized to be moderate, well-mannered, reciprocally dependent, and concerned with the collective. Cross-cultural differences in parenting ideology can be illustrated also in different values concerning child independence in collectivistic and individualistic cultures.A wizard of autonomy is measured crucial to adaptive development in some(prenominal) Western cultures (Maccoby & Martin, 1983), but might not bear such moment to the adaptive development of children raised in other cultures. Indeed, there is miniature emphasis on socializing children to be independent in Nipponese culture (Rothbaum, Pott, Azuma, Miyake, & Weisz, 2000). While American mothers are much likely than Nipponese mothers to persuade their children personal autonomy and forcefulness such as argue ones rights, Ja panese mothers are more(prenominal) likely to socialize their children to be polite and deferential to authority figures (Hess et al. , 1980).Weisz, Rothbaum, and Blackburn (1984) argued that diverse emphases on self-reliance might account for such cross-cultural differences as Japanese children showing more self-control and sympathy to others and American children being more self-expressive. parental belief systems consist of a wide range of thoughts, perceptions, values, and expectations regarding normative developmental processes, socialization goals, and parenting strategies (Goodnow, 1995). Cultural disparities in parental beliefs and values are a major source of involution to cross-cultural differences in parental attitudes, actions, and behaviors in parenting.Nevertheless, it must be noted that the links betwixt parental beliefs and behaviors characteristically range from weak to modest in the Western literature (Sigel, McGillicuddy-DeLisi, & Goodnow, 1992). It is by and large indefinite how belief systems might be linked with parenting practices at the cross-cultural level, as these two constructs have not been obviously differentiated in several cross-cultural studies. Parents of diverse culture have the same hopes as well as dreams for their children and families that the general population does.Most desire their children to set off a good education and become prolific members of party. In the more traditional families, these desires comprise learning about tribal values, beliefs, and customs. These families want booming children in a manner reliable with cooperative, noncompetitive tribal, community, and family values as well as aspirations (Burgess, 1980). Parents in diverse culture often precede an dynamic role in socializing their children concerning the consequences of their ethnicity in the larger society (Harrison et al. , 1990). Oppression provides the framework of teaching about the assaults of typical culture.Parents teach their ch ildren to delay for subtle clues about whether they are welcome in a prone situation (Cross, 1995). As children mature, they are more well-informed about differences in race, and they come to recognize themselves with a particular tribe though, they appear to pick out toys, activities, and friendships from the prevailing culture. Parents (Dawson, 1988) emphasize the significance of self-pride in their children If my children are proud, if my children have an individuality, if my children know who they are and if they are proud to be who they are, theyll be able to meet anything in life (p.48). Positive self-esteem provides self-assurance, energy, and optimism to master lifes tasks. This positive sense of self and confidence is significant for parents as well as children. Parents who feel capable in their parenting are more able to involve themselves in their childrens lives outside the home. Parental involvement is significant to the future educational development of their child ren (Dawson, 1988). In diverse culture families entrust that their children should have the opportunity to grow into adulthood with the considerate that they are worthwhile individuals who are equal to all other Americans.American children should believe that they are respected for their culture, as they value the worth of others. They should believe that they are valued in American society and that they can attain in any way they choose according to their individual talents ( no.ey, 1992). In diverse culture, children view themselves more pessimistically than do their dominant culture counterparts, allow say self-concept of indigene American children is negatively linked with chronological age and years of schooling.Soares and Soares (1969) found that in spite of living in poverty, disadvantage children in elementary school did not requisitely suffer from demoralise self-esteem and a lower sense of self-worth. These findings suggest that just being poor is not the leading fac tor in the low self-esteem of Native American students. Though, researchers have long been interested in family influences on child social and cognitive functioning. The general consent is that family, as a main socialization agent, plays a significant role in the development of individuals adaptive and maladaptive functioning.This belief has been sustained by the results of numerous observational studies concerning the associations amongst parenting practices, family organization and family socio-ecological conditions, and child adaptive and maladaptive functioning in diverse settings, although different opinions still exist (Harris, 1995). Among family variables, parenting beliefs and practices compose a central base of operations in the cross-cultural study of upbringing. Several explanations for cross-cultural variations in parenting have been suggested.First, an anthropological viewpoint proposes that differential vulnerability to threats to the survival of children accounts for the changeability in parenting practices (LeVine, 1974). on the other hand, it has been suggested that parental needs to engender the values and attitudes essential for becoming a competent adult, able to achieve expected roles in his or her respective culture, may be related to diverse parenting practices across cultures (Hoffman, 1987).It has also been argued that cross-cultural differences in parenting attitudes and behaviors can reflect variability in beliefs pertaining to childrens distinctiveness and to the world in general (Super & Harkness, 1986). Reference Burgess, B. J. (1980). Parenting in the Native-American community. In M. D. Fantini & R. Cardenas, Parenting in a multicultural society (pp. 6373). sweet York Longman. Cross, T. L. (1995). The worldview of American Indian families. In H. I. McCubbin, E. A Thompson, A. I. Thompson, & J. E. Fromer (Eds. ), Ethnic minority families Native and immigrant American families (Vol.1, pp. 14358). Boston Sage Dawson, J. (1988) . If my children are proud Native education and the problem of selfesteem. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 15 (1), 4350. Goodnow, J. J. (1995). Parents knowledge and expectations. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed. ), Handbook of parenting, Vol. 3, Status and social conditions of parenting (pp. 305-332). Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum. Harrison, A. O. , Wilson, M. N. , Pine, C. J. , Chan, S. Q. , & Buriel, R. (1990). Family ecologies of ethnic minority children. infant Development, 61, 34762. Hess, R. D. , Azuma, H. , Kashiwagi, K. , Holloway, S.D. , & Wenegrat, A. (1987). Cultural variations in socialization for school achievement Contrasts between Japan and the United States. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,8, 421-440. Hess, R. D. , Kashiwagi, K. , Azuma, H. , Price, G. G. , & Dixon, W. P. (1980). Maternal expectations for conquest of developmental tasks in Japan and the United States. International Journal of Psychology,15, 259-271. Hoffman, L. W. (1987). The value of children to pa rents and parenting patterns. Social Behavior,2, 123-141. LeVine, R. A. (1974). Parental goals A cross-cultural view.Teachers College Record,76 (2), 226-239. Luftig, R. L. (1983). Effects of schooling on the self-concept of Native American students. The School Counselor, 30 (4), 25160. Maccoby, E. E. , & Martin, C. N. (1983). Socialization in the linguistic context of family Parentchild interaction. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed. ), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 4, Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1-102). New York Wiley. Noley, G. (1992). educational reform and American Indian cultures. Tempe, AZ Division of Educational lead and Policy Studies, Arizona State University.(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 362 341) Rothbaum, F. , Pott, M. , Azuma, H. , Miyake, K. , & Weisz, J. (2000). The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Development,71, 1121-1142. Sigel, I. E. , Mc Gillicuddy-DeLisi, A. V. , & Goodnow, J. J. (1992). Parental belief systems The psychological consequences for children. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. Soares, A. T. , & Soares, L. M. (1969). Self-perceptions of culturally disadvantaged children. American Educational Research Journal, 6 (1), 3145.Super, C. M. , & Harkness, S. (1986). The developmental niche A conceptualization at the interface of child and culture. International Journal of Behavioral Development,9, 545-569. Weisz, J. R. , Chaiyasit, W. , Weiss, B. , Eastman, K. L. , & Jackson, E. W. (1995). A multimethod study of problem behavior among Thai and American children in school Teacher reports versus direct observations. Child Development,66, 402-415. Weisz, J. R. , Rothbaum, F. , & Blackburn, T. C. (1984).Standing out and standing in. American Psychologist,39, 955-969. Weisz, J. R. , Suwanlert, S. , Chaiyasit, W. , & Walter, B. R. (1987). Over- and undercontrolled referral problems among Thai and American children and adolescent s The wat and wai of cultural differences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,55, 719-726. Weisz, J. R. , Suwanlert, S. , Chaiyasit, W. , Weiss, B. , Walter, B. R. , & Anderson, W. W. (1988). Thai and American perspectives on over- and undercontrolled child behavior problems Exploring the threshold model among parents, teachers, and psychologists. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,56, 601-609.

Don Haskins on Racism Essay

The final exam buzzer rang off in Marylands Cole cogitation House basketb complete(a)ly court. Many watched a game of Texas westbound Miners and Kentucky Wildcats on frame 19th, 1966, and yet most didnt realize they just witnessed sports morals redefine itself. It was a championship, an all or nonhing statement for the players of Texas Western. The passenger car of the Miners, Don Haskins, had just won the NCAA human action with fin African American starters. They won a mere sports game, simply it would prove to be overmuch more(prenominal) than that.A hero of integration, Haskins revolutionized college hoops by the way he indentified a player, by skill and non color. The 1960s was a clipping of many cultural controversies that aspired to what America is today. It was not solo about Vietnam, the hippy escapades, or the latest eight-track of the Beatles. The decade has been dubbed the civil rights era. Culture was starting to touch African American integration from the help of civil rights leaders much(prenominal) as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks.However not all heroes are recognized immediately, and Don Haskins, whether he planned it or not, helped pave the way to equality in sports. Before Haskins started to coach at Texas Western, the college recruited and compete African Americans when it was typical for squads to imbibe full-white roster and oppose integration into basketball (Schecter, 1998). No one imagined the day when five vagues would start at a pre-dominantly white college. Many whites actually did not want to have African Americans on their team at all in fear that it would pull in integration through all civil aspects.Frank. Fritzpatrick, author of And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, concurs, When Negroes and whites witness on the athletic fields on a basis of complete equality, it is just now natural that this sense of equality carries into the daily living of these mint (1999). Once they got on the court, the blacks were still held foul and treated unfairly. One of the 7 black Miner players, Harry Flournoy, verbalise All the best players on the team were black, merely there was this unspoken rule that no more than three blacks could play at at once.It was rough, but thats the way it was (Schecter, 1998). However, once Haskins came to Texas Western he followed its footsteps of recruiting black players he sought out only the best players while ignoring the color of the players skin. Gathering players around the country, Haskins found experient African Americans such as David Lattin, Harry Flournoy, and the five other players of 1966 title game. Fitzpatrick explains they wound up existence the core players for a basketball backwater team from El Paso that would force the all-white team from pedigreed Kentucky to crack (1999).For four years, Haskins coached the Miners and compete black players. With the fifth season being wildly successful, Haskins struck fear in white crowds as he started all black players in the championship. I remember walking out that night listening to the Kentucky fans saying, We have to get some of them, todays Maryland coach Gary Williams said. Thats what they called the black players them but they had to admit that they could play. Haskins changed the game of basketball when he started those five black players.Whether he knew that it was going to change civil rights from then on, he play them to prove Kentucky Coach Adolph Rupp wrong. Coach Haskins told us that Rupp has said in a press conference before the game that five black players couldnt defeat five white players. Coach Haskins decided only the African American players would play that night, said Litten. (Championing Divsersity, 2006). Contrary to the public eye, Haskins stated I wasnt trying to make a statement, he much said about beating Kentucky. I was trying to win a game. However, Feinstein argues, of course he was trying to make a statement. But Haskins had do it long befor e that night. Hed made it when he got to Texas Western in 1961 and began recruiting black players from everywhere (2008). Some believe that night did not move Americans until it was brought up years later. Lattin just wanted to win a title, but neither he nor Haskins could have guessed it would help alter history.It neer seemed to cross their minds until approached later as addressed in this newspaper article, it wasnt a big, overwhelming event until years later when people looked back and said it was the sports equivalent of the board of education decision. The racial connotations and overtones werent unfeignedly played out all that much at the time but I still think it was one of the most notable games I ever covered, said photographer Rick Clarkson. (Championing Diversity, 2006). With there being truth in what Clarkson said, it did not take until the events movie, reputation Road, for integration to ensue in the NCAA.Haskins and the Miners pushed the motion ever further that March night. If you want to get down to the facts, we were more white-oriented than any of the other teams. We played the most intelligent, the most boring, and the most disciplined game of them all (Fitzpatrick, 1999). No one could have said it better then the Miners Willie Worsley. They deserved the title. Haskins set out to be a basketball coach, not a hero. He recruited the best players he could find, knowing others would object their presence, but didnt care. Haskins wanted to win.

Cell Phones

Cell phones should be permitted in schoolrooms for educational purposes. Having cell phones in an environment that is already accommodate towards education opens the opportunity to teach safety and manners for the twistings. Teachers quarter pardon in detail to their pupils how to remain safe on the internet and how to go for it to its fullest ability.This presents the ideal circumstances for addressing issues such(prenominal) as cyberbullying and online predators as well as how to avoid or properly deal with these topics. The school also can monitor and control what sites students whitethorn visit, and it protects them from off-topic or detrimental websites. In amplification to safety, instructors may lead lectures on etiquette associated with these devices (http//www.school currency.org).Using technology in the classroom is expenditureful for recording and recalling data. Ken Halla found that his students turned in their provision more often when they were using their d evices to remind themselves of their home dress. By using the devices as reminders, the students were able to combat their forgetfulness and raise their grades as they had begun to complete their assignments (http//neatoday.org).Another teacher, Sherri Story, uses extraneous phones to administer group quizzes in which a total of six phones be used, so all the students get a chance to participate and work together. She dumbfounds that the students have all the information they need at their fingertips and can find answers that even she does not know almost immediately.The students can sh be notes and assignments that their classmates may have missed in a previous period, which allows the absent student just as much time to work on a reach outn topic as his peers and no excuse for not terminate assignments (https//pilotonline.com).Implementing a Bring Your Own Device, or BYOD policy can be cost-effective for schools that are underfunded. For schools that cannot afford many comput ers laptops or tablets, having students bringing in their own devices, even if they must be shared, saves the school from expending money that it does not have (http//neatoday.org).Additionally, a study, led by Joshua Littenberg-Tobias and Vincent Cho, showed that when students devices were utilized for take oning in Boston College, the teachers saw improvement in the learning abilities of their students (https//www.sciencenewsforstudents.org). Because the use of technology has grown exponentially over the years, the quantity of educationally focus applications has grown.Apps, such as Remind101, are used to remind students of upcoming assignments epoch websites like Poll Everywhere can be used to get hold what materials a class needs to review before assessments and what it does not. Other apps, such as dictionary or reference apps are quick and open to use, cutting down on the time needed to search for information so that more time may be spent on learning (http//www.nea.org). Certain apps such as Kahoot are tailored to ready learning in all subjects enjoyable, entertaining, and like a game, which swear outs some students learn better than simply sitting through a lesson without understanding (https//education.cu-portland.edu). cellular devices may be used by children that would other owlish not need for assistance.They may by utilized by disabled children to communicate with everyone else and give them a sense of normality. They may also be used by students who are too shy or nervous to ask for help in front of their entire class. These students may fear that they will be considered stupid if they ask for help, so the anonymity gives them the confidence they need to befool the additional attention they need.Moreover, when students are placed into groups to complete projects, none of them are singled out because they do not own a smartphone. All students in a group work together, using a single device (https//www.edutopia.org).Permitting cell phones i n an academic setting would be a wise decision, despite its drawbacks, which are easily remedied.

Importance of nutrition during the Infancy and Toddler-hood period Essay

Children argon a blessing from God and it is therefore important that we ensure that those bundles of joy atomic number 18 well taken c are of. Infants are generally taken to be children from birth to around one year, and it becomes therefore important to give them last-place care since they are at their most vulnerable stage in life. This care should not only be confined to attention and deal but most importantly should be the focus of what and how best to hunt down the infant. Scientists arrive at expressed their belief that what we exhaust our infants office have drastic consequences later in life.These consequences include such conditions as diabetes and obesity and the rearing rate of obesity in developed countries might just be a reflection of the inability of parents to prey their childrens appropriately (Fallows & Kingham, 2005). Doctors have stated categorically that child4ren should be supply milk only during the low six months of their lives and it should be not ed that faulting this wise counsel could risk the wellness of these infants in the future.Breast milk contains all the indispensable nutrients that an infant pack in order to grow and appropriate vitamins to boost his/her immune body heyday fend off diseases. It is important to note that while it is better(predicate) to flux the infant using doorknocker milk, infants could also be fed with formula as a supplement of breast milk. There are many reasons why many mothers choose to use formula to feed their babies. some(a) simply find out that breastfeeding does not plough for them either for psychological or practical reasons.The demands of life that leads to very busy lifestyles work against the need for mothers to be with their children full time and formula simply happens to be a better alternative. However, there are still those who express their breast milk in feeding bottles and the milk is fed to the infant by someone else who is available to care for the yearling (War d, 2009). Infants usually need to feed eight to twelve times in a day since they are ontogeny rapidly and the proteins inside the milk are a vital component for this proceeds.For those with infants who sleep a lot, it is advisable to wake them regularly in order to feed the since failure to do so might choke their growth. It is also recommended that parents take their babies to the clinic to have them weighed and ruled to ensure that they are growing in a healthy manner and acquire vital schooling about how best to take care of their babies. There are signs to observe during the sixth month to signify that the infant is found to start macrocosm weaned.This include such closure when the bollocks up can sit up, baby does not reject the food put in its mouth, can foot up food stuffs and stuff it into the mouth and an increased appetite for milk. Babies should be weaned slowly with a meal per day and it is important to cut across breast feeding at least till one year. Some of the food which one can feed and infant include cereals, easygoing fruits, rice and vegetables that can be crushed. However, around 10 months infants are ready to be introduced to adult foods but such a transition should be handled with utmost care.As the baby becomes a toddler a period which lasts from between 12 months to 24 months, his food needs increases. During this period the toddler starts to walk and he requires increased proteins for growth and energy foods to sustain his activities. At this period toddlers may change their eating habits due to changes in growth patterns. Moreover, toddlers become choosy when it comes to certain foods and it is nothing to do with illness. Again, parents needs top be careful about the food they feed the infants and toddlers since some of them might be allergic and impair the health of this babies.They should therefore make a point of seeking information diligently about how best to feed their children (Papalia, Wendkos & Duskin, 2007). Ref erences Fallows,C. & Karen Kingham, K. (2005). Baby & Toddler Food. Murdoch books. Papalia, D. , Wendkos S. & Duskin, R. (2007). A Childs World early childhood through Adolescence11th Ed. McGraw-Hill Ward, E. (2009). What to Feed Your Baby and Toddler. Retrieved May 17, 2009 from http//children. webmd. com/guide/what-to-feed-your-baby-toddler.

Role of the Insurance Industry in Economic Development

What Role has the amends sedulousness In Economic evolution? The redress industry has come a long way from channelise proprietors, merchants and to a lower placewriters gathering in Edward Lloyds coffee house in jacket of the United Kingdom to discuss their marine voyages to new-sprung(prenominal) colonies of the British Empire. Over the years, Insurance has incur essential in our everyday lie withs. Something we just cant live without. Our Economics and Societies ar emergence phenomenal rates and view reverse more than and more interconnected on the rest of the world, the perils exposed to us become more unpredictable and hazardous.The need to protect against unfortunate events has been roughly as long as human beings existed. Individuals draw always recognized their need to alleviate lay on the lines that have the potential to ruin the. At the click of mod history, immensely dispersed groups of tightly knit hunter-gatherers, relied al virtually wholly on clan relatedness as their only bulwark against the ever-present gamble of exposure of death, debilitating injury and starvation.For those early ancestors, the concept of venture always existed, unaccompanied in terms of the physical persons of individuals, mitigated by the guarantee of individualised and kin consanguinitys, rather than objects and possessions. (Buckham et al 2011, pp. 1-9). According to Lopez and Raymond 1967, in antiquity, a ocean loan was the first sign of transferring risk. A number of German and Italian jurists have regarded it as something close to insurance. It involved a ship owner promising to transport goods belonging to a merchant and at the equivalent time providing a loan, somewhat of a guarantee.If the ship and the goods arrived safely to its think destination, the merchant returned the loan only when if they didnt arrive safely, the loan was not returned. From its origins in ancient times, the insurance industry has evolved into an essential s ervice in our society and a key component for scotch emergence (Liedtke 2007). Our lives are progressing rapidly, there is a significant increase in the general population, engineering and science is continuously maturing and the world is becoming smaller.The insurance industry is instanter faced with challenging obstacles through the liberalisation of insurance and capital securities industrys, ever-changing demographics, volatile stock markets, the shifting of climate patterns and the rising numbers of earthy and manmade disasters and subsequent losses (Ayadi and OBrien 2006). The global risk landscape is growing and the size of potential losses is continuously increase (Coomber 2006). Society has progressed importantly from ancient times and our need of insurance has drastically transformed accordingly.The increasing sense of ambiguity and uncertainty in our lives regarding our future stinting prosperity and the devastating impact of catastrophic events has certainly reinf orced the need for insurance to shield us against new and emerging risks. This paper asks the imperative gesture What role has the insurance industry in our parsimony emergence? The impressiveness of the insurance industry for an economy can only in trigger be measured by the sheer size of its business, the number of its employees in a given country, the assets under management, or its contribution to the national GDP.But insurance is not just about employment and the monetary compensation of Victims. It real plays a more fundamental role in the workings of a modern society, it creates huge capital assets. Due to the nature of insurance contracts which commonly involve long time periods, money coming from insurance, usually be in the financial market of a given economy for quite some time. It is not a fickle investment capital that rushes slightly looking for quick gains, it is oriented toward the medium to long term. It creates a immutable environment by allocating ass ets according to market forces where needed (Liedtke 2007).There are half dozen main areas where the insurance industry fosters economic growth. I give right away go into detail on these six areas (CEA 2011). Private insurance improves households financial soundness Insurance allows loyals to poke out and seduce on economic risk without the need to set aside capital. If a firm did not have adequate business insurance cover this could be harmful particularly for small firms. Small firms have limited capital and have difficulty in accessing financial markets which make them particularly compromising to adverse events.Without insurance large contingency funds would have to be in place to protect firms against risk. For most small firms this would represent more capital than they presently employ which would not be viable for most small firms and this would lead to a reduction the population of firms. Fostering entrepreneurial attitudes, encouraging investment, innovation, marke t dynamism, and competition To be innovative you have to tear risks. Since entrepreneurs just like ordinary people are characterised by risk aversion, the willingness to take risks can be considered a hardly resource (Kugler and Ofoghi 2005).More will be produced if greater risk is taking. Well developed insurance markets tot to the maturation of an economy by helping to optimise the allocation of the scarce resource of risk taking by moving it from a ultraconservative to an innovative and high profits activities. On the other hand uninsured firms are very conservative and generally do not attempt new business opportunities and invest less in innovation and their ground level in the global markets is low. Offering social protective cover alongside the state, psychotherapeutic pressure on public arenaIn all alter countries a major problem is not too far rectify the line. Due to improvements in healthcare and quality of life populations structures in change countries are changing where people are nutriment a lot longer and at the same time the gestate rate has also decreased. People are also expecting to receive a high level of healthcare, pensions, unemployment allowance and other social benefits. This raises great tinge as public expenditure will be put under huge pressure and will lead to significant decreases in economic growth.The role of the insurance industry is vital to provide an additional keystone alongside the protection supplied by the state. Insurance products like payment protection insurance play a vital role in defend household in times of unemployment in an economic downturn. Many industrialised countries such as the United Kingdom provide free healthcare to its citizens. In the future what we are going to see is the health placement in these countries being privatised and individuals buying private health insurance. Currently 47% of the Irish population have health insurance (Nolan 2006).Similar systems will have to be intr oduced to the pension systems. These measures will help reduce government expenditure on these areas and in the long run help with the development of the economy in the countries. Enhancing financial intermediation, creating liquidity and mobilizing savings Insurers are massive institutional investors in the economy with over 11% of worldwide assets in 2007 (Munich RE 2007). They therefore see benefit in the development of a modern , competitive financial market that facilities firms access to capital and offers a wide range of investment opportunities.In this respect insurance companies look favourably upon initiatives taken by governments to ensure shareholder rights and to maintain high standards of corporate governance. Promoting tenable risk management by firms and households, contributing to sustainable and responsible development Insurers risk assessment is reflected through in price and policy conditions. In this way they offer firms and households an indicator of their le vel of risk. Firms and households in can take action to reduce the risk by engaging in risk management.Risk management is the process of gauging or accessing risk and developing strategies to manage it (Squiddo 2012). accordingly by means of risk pricing insurance encourages sensible risk management. Both the client and the insurer benefits from sensible risk management as the clients premiums are reduced and the chances of the insurance company having a claim are also reduced. This process influences investment decisions and thus contributes to the development of the economy. Fosters stable consumption throughout life Consumption is the main device driver of economic growth as its accounts for over 80% of GDP.By having insurance it offers lifelong financial protection and allows stable consumption throughout an individuals life. * Insurance for house and other damages allow individuals to secure assets in case of an adverse event. * Liability insurance covers household for damages that index occur to other people. * Life insurance protects relatives in the event of a death and also provides financial support in retirement. * Health and chance insurance provides cover when it is needed most. * Credit insurance eases consumption but does protect against excessive debt through pricing and acceptation policies.Another new phenomenon in the insurance industry is Micro insurance. It aims to alleviate poverty, distribute products in new ways and create sustainable financial growth for individuals, families and small home base businesses in underdeveloped countries. The need to provide insurance products is vital if their economies are to develop. People in underdeveloped countries are most at risk to adverse events and they have a significant negative impact on their lives. When a hurricane, flood or other adverse events occur and their homes are destroyed or their livestock is wiped out, these people have no financial compensation.These communities have to star t from scratch. Insurance companies recognise that the poor require a range of insurance products that meet their needs. Zurich was an early courser in little insurance, when it started its first micro insurance programme in Bolivia in 1999. It hasnt been an easy move due to a lack of trust and corporate trust by people in underdeveloped countries but if these problems can be resolved there is huge potential for growth in the market and also for a dramatic improvement in economic development in these countries (Pope 2011).Conclusion When we think of economic development, most attention is devoted to the relationship between the financial markets and economic development with insurance only receiving a passing mention. However in recent times there have been several interesting lines of research into the role the insurance industry plays in economics development. I have shown in this paper how the insurance sector plays a fundamental role in the development of our economy and with out insurance we would live in a world that would be less economically developed and much less stable.Insurance supports research and development, innovation and new technologies, it supports economic stability and sustainable growth and also supports the sustainable use of resources and helps change social protections systems. The evidence suggests that there is substantial potential for the insurance industry to make a greater contribution to economic growth particularly in lower and middle income countries. Currently insurance lags behind financial services in the extent of globalisation, but if we can continue to expand the insurance industry we will see substantial growth opportunities.Bibliography Ayadi, R. and OBrien, C. (2006) The future of insurance regulation and supervision in the EU raw(a) developments, new challenges Buckham, D. , Wahl, J. and Rose, S. (2011) Executives Guide to Solvency II, United States of America The Wiley and SAS billet Series. Coomber, J. R. (2 006) Natural and Large Catastrophes Changing Risk Characteristics and Challenges for the Insurance Industry, The geneva Papers, 2006, 31, (88-95) Kugler, M. and Ofoghi, R. (2005) Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from the U. K. University of Southampton Paper, July 2005. Liedkte, P. M. (2007) Whats Insurance to a Modern Economy, The Geneva Papers, 32, (211-221) Lopez, R. S. and Raymond, I. W. (1967) Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World Illustrative documents translated with Introductions and Notes, New York WW Norton & Company Inc. Nolan, B. (2006) The interaction of the Public and Private Health Insurance Ireland as a content Study, The Geneva Papers, 31 (663-649) CEA (2011) Better off in europium How the EUs single market benefits you, functional http//ec. uropa. eu/publications/booklets/move/56/en. pdf Munich RE(2007)The fundamental role of insurance, available http//www. genevaassociation. org/Portals/0/COP15_Munich_Re_presentation. pdf accessed 25 Oct ober 2012 Pope, C. (2011) Do we really need Private Health Insurance, The Irish Times, 24 Jan, available http//www. irishtimes. com/newspaper/pricewatch/2011/0124/1224288161882. html Squiddo (2012) Principles of risk management, available http//www. squidoo. com/the-principles-of-risk-management accessed 26 October 2012